1 Flashcards
3 objectives of ASPA
Research is justified by benefit to society.
No alternatives to animals.
No unnecessary suffering.
When were the 3Rs introduced
ASPA revision 2013
Which three criteria cover research controlled by ASPA
Carried out for experimental or scientific purposes.
Use of protected animal.
Procedure causes suffering.
ASPA limits the purposes for which animals may be used to
Basic research.
Applied research into diseases of men, animals or plants. Applied to investigate physiology or improve welfare.
Develop medicines and food.
Protect environment
Educational purposes.
Forensics.
Which animals are protected by ASPA
How did this change in 2012
All living vertebrates other than man. All cephalopods were added in 2012.
What age are mammals protected by ASPA
developed beyond 2/3 of gestation.
Birds are 2/3 incubation.
Fish when feed independently.
Cephalopod beyond larval stage.
What makes an animal be considered to be protected by ASPA
Bred for use in regulated procedure.
Housed in an establishment where they are expected to be used in procedure.
Undergoing regulated procedure.
Bred so organs can be used.
If done in early development but will affect later life then they are also protected.
What is schedule 2
Specifies species that must normally be obtained from establishments which breed animals for scientific use.
Do research animal supplies need a home office licence.
Yes.
What qualifies a procedure to be regulated by ASPA
If the level of pain or suffering is equivalent to or higher than that caused by inserting a hypodermic needle according to good veterinary practise.
Are genetic alterations covered under ASPA, if so how
They are controlled if the modification could cause pain or suffering.
But they are very closely assessed so most genetic alterations end up being protected.
What are some examples of non regulated procedures
Identification procedures causing minimal harm such as ear punching and tagging, even if the tissue removed is used for genotyping.
Clinical trials on animals for evaluation of a veterinary product.
Any recognised veterinary procedures.
Changes to husbandry for scientific purposes which are expected to improve animal wellbeing.
Schedule 1.
Multiple mild procedures combining to cause harm might become ASPA controlled.
How are benefits of research classified
They are categorised according to the permitted purposes listed in ASPA.
What is included in the project license
What harm to animals is expected. Program of work. Why work is required. How it will be conducted. Details on the project license holder. Explain how 3Rs have been implemented. Humane endpoints and when. What happens to the animals after the experiment.
Other than a personal license, what else do you need before you can conduct procedures on animals
Project license.
How long are project licenses granted
5 years
Can animals be used more than once in a protocol of the project license.
Yes sometimes.
How does the project license classify procedures using anaesthesia.
AA no anaesthesia
AB local or general anaesthesia for part of the technique
AC anaesthesia for entire technique
AD neuromuscular blocking agent
What can you do with an animal after the research who is experiencing no adverse effects
Reuse it in unrelated studies.
Release it from the controls of the act and rehome it.
Return it to stock (farm)
Return to wild.
What is standard condition 4
Fewest number of animals with most refined methods must be used.
How is each protocol in the project license categorised
Severity categories.
Mild- injections with no adverse affects.
Moderate- repeated injections of harmful substances
Sever- severe changes in health
Non recovery
What if the animal goes past the severity limit predicted
Urgent vetinary care
Human endpoint.
These must be reported to home office.
When must animals be killed early
When it seems no scientific benefit can be made from the suffering.
When sufficient information has been collected.
What is the actual severity
Use same severity categories but assess the animals after the procedure to see if predictions were correct.
Another category called sub threshold is used for animals that did not undergo enough harm for it to be considered mild.
The score is not an average but represents the highest suffering experienced.
Lots of milds make a moderate.
What are the different types of personal license
PIL A no sedation anaesthesia or analgesia.
PIL AB short term sedation for restraint or minor procedures. Surgical procedures under brief non recovery anaesthesia.
PIL ABC anaesthesia for surgery or non surgery lasting longer than 15 mins.
PIL ABCD neuromuscular blocking agent.
PIL E education licence.
PIL F other procedures
What should a personal license holder do
Recognise pain in animals. Reduce pain. Monitor severity score and advise PPL if it is going to exceed the predicted. Obtain veterinary advice. Kill suffering animals.
What can you do without a personal license
Withdrawing food and water.
Placing animals in restraining devices.
Pairing animals for breeding.
Schedule 1.
Definition of dead
Permanent cessation of circulation. Destruction of brain. Dislocation of neck. Exsanguination. Immeadiate body destruction. Rigor Morris.
What two things do an establishment license mean
Can carry out regulated procedures
Breed and supply schedule 2 animals.
Establishment license holder responsibilities
Maintaining animal care standards. Adequate staffing. Prevent unauthorised procedures. Nominating and being responsible for the named persons. Maintains the AWERB
Named compliance officer
Responsible for compliance with the law. Usually the establishment holder themselves.
POLES
Places other than licensed establishments. Wild.
What do AWERB do and who’s in it
Ethical advice to the establishment license holder about project license applications.
NACWO NVS and one or more project and personal license holders
One or more lay members.
What do home office inspectors do
Advise Secretary of State on license applications.
Advise with review of licenses and retrospective assessments.
Visit and assess establishments.
Report any non compliance.
Animals in science committee
Independent public body responsible for providing unbiased advice to home office minister about ASPA.
They evaluate specific procedures uncommon.
Vetinary surgeons act 1966
Veterinary surgery only by trained.
What is EMLA
Local anaesthesia cream
Example of local injectable anaesthesia
Lidocaine
Disadvantages and Advantages of inhale anaesthesia
Simpler to administer.
Smooth and rapid induction.
Easy to change depth. Mrecovery rapid.
Expensive.
One animal at a time.
Waste harmful gases.
Injectable advantages and disadvantages
Multiple animals at once.
No special equipment.
Dose can’t be changed.
Variability between animals of response.
Examples of injectable
Ketamine
Alphaxalone
Hypnorm
Propofol
Inhalational
Sevoflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
The speed of inhales goes
DSI
How to calculate flow rate for inhalation
Flow rate of anaesthesia should be three times what the animal breaths in a minute.
Times the respiratory rate by the volume of one breath
Analgesic
Carprofen
Section E
Procedure and adverse effects
