1 Flashcards
Theoretical range of VHF?
= Square root of 1.5x Reciever alt in feet
What is ILS sensitivity?
- 1 dot = 1/2 degree course deviation
- full scale = 2.5 degree off centre
- glideslope = 0.7 either side, 1.5 full
ALTS definitions
- height = AGL
- Elevation = on ground above MSL
- Altitude - AMSL
- Absolute ALT = actual height of aircraft above surface of earth
- True Alt = height above MSL (indicated ALT corrected for temp)
- FL = 1013.25
Altimeter error for IFR?
- If error <60ft but >75ft can depart but needs second check. If still more than 60ft its US
- 2 alts - one must be within 60ft
second more than 75 - no go
above 60 but less than 75, needs another test
second check above 60, no go
Airspeed corrections
ICET - its pretty cool drink
instrument, pressure, compressibility, density
what is Vmo?
maximum operating for specific ALT,
changes with change in alt
What is Mmo?
- maximum Mach number for altitude
Descend below MDA?
“VMC”
- visual reference maintained
- minima requirements adhered to
- continuously in a position where a landing can be made with normal; rates of decent
IFR A/C departing without forecast?
- pilot satisfied they can return to land within one hour
- can obtain destination and alternate forecast within 30 mins of departure
ALT - Aids?
PVT
- one approach or ALT
CHR/RPT
- pilot must be able to suffer failure of 1 aid and still conduct a IAP
Descent below MSA/LSALT
Dont vector in very close D - DME/GNSS approach V - Vectors I - IAP V - Visual by day C - Climb or take off
When is a MAPt conducted?
so not visual rofl
So - straight in approach cannot be conducted and minima doesn't allow for circling Not Visual - not visual at DA MDA R - Raim lost O - outside of tolerance F - failure of an aid L - lost visual while circling
ALT - electric lighting
Alt must be provided for any aerodrome with electric lighting unless
- standby power available and indicated on ERSA
- responsible person
Equipement for IFR (standard)
9 items ASI ALT AH x2 VSI T/S DG Compass clock OAT
IFR equipment stuff (++)
- assigned altitude indicator (Class C)
- Mode C transponder
- Autopilot in hdg and alt mode
- no need if dual control and second pilot
- if U/S can be operated for 3 days including day it went U/S
RAIM for ENR, TERM and APP/LNAV
ENR - 2nm
TERM - 1nm (switches within 30nm)
APP/LNAV - 0.3nm
TAF & TTF vaildity
30 mins before, 60 mins after
TTF - 3 hours
NDB Errors
MINTCHAT Mountains interference Cochannel Night Terrain Coastal refraction Height Aircraft Thunderstorms
Blocked/Leaked pitot static system and effect on climb and descent?
PUDSUC
Pitot underread descent
Static underread during climb
compass errors?
ONUS - overshoot north, undershoot south
SAND - south accelerate, north decelerate
compass errors?
ONUS - overshoot north, undershoot south
SAND - south accelerate, north decelerate
Real vs apaprent drift on DG
Real is due to shit DG’s
apparent is due to earths rotation
VOR errors
A - airbourne V - vertical polarisation G - ground station A - aggregate error S - site error
ASI errors?
Its pretty cool drink
Instrument pressure compressibility and density
ASI errors?
Its pretty cool drink
Instrument pressure compressibility and density
Mapt obscatle clearance?
and rate of climb?
100ft obstacle clearance at 2.5%
RoC = gs x required gradient %
for ILS what is the approach angle/gradient?
3 degrees angle
5 degrees gradient
MDA vs DA?
MDA is minimum alt to descend to without visual reference
you can do a Mapt after DA (even if you touch down)
what 3 things must the autopilot be capable of operating in IFR?
roll and pitch
auto heading
auto alt
Vat?
what is the speed for Seminole CAT B?
at threshold speed (IAS Vs x 1.3)
CAT B - 91-120kts
NAV Aid tolerances
NDB - 5 degrees VOR - half scale DME - +/- 2nm GNSS - half scale ILS - half scale
IFR lighting
7 items intensity control pilot compartment pax compartment landing lights x2 anti collision/position lights shockproof torch instrument lighting
Vyse
single engine broc
88kts
descent below circling minima?
VMC, day obstacles, night MDA visibilty not less than circling minima maintain visual contact of landing inside circling area by dan not below obstacle clearance by night not below MDA until downwind, base or final
Vtoss?
take off saftey speed
1.2Vs
Vxse?
best angle of climb –82kts
Cricling approach?
when can you go into no circling?
what is the CAT B obstacles clearance?
what is the arc?
VMC by day
300ft
2.66nm
initial and intermediate approach speeds?
for CAT B 120-180 (145 for reversal)
Holding speeds?
upto FL 140 - 230 // 170 for CAT A/B
above 140-200 - 240kts
above 200 - 265kts
Vfe
Vlg
Vne
Vfe - flap extention - 111kts
Vlg - landing gear 109kts
Vlg - 140kts
Vne - 202kts
