1

Question 1

Theoretical range of VHF?

Answer 1

= Square root of 1.5x Reciever alt in feet

Question 2

What is ILS sensitivity?

Answer 2

• 1 dot = 1/2 degree course deviation
• full scale = 2.5 degree off centre
• glideslope = 0.7 either side, 1.5 full

Question 3

ALTS definitions

Answer 3

• height = AGL
• Elevation = on ground above MSL
• Altitude - AMSL
• Absolute ALT = actual height of aircraft above surface of earth
• True Alt = height above MSL (indicated ALT corrected for temp)
• FL = 1013.25

Question 4

Altimeter error for IFR?

Answer 4

• If error <60ft but >75ft can depart but needs second check. If still more than 60ft its US
• 2 alts - one must be within 60ft
  second more than 75 - no go
  above 60 but less than 75, needs another test
  second check above 60, no go

Question 5

Airspeed corrections

Answer 5

ICET - its pretty cool drink

instrument, pressure, compressibility, density

Question 6

what is Vmo?

Answer 6

maximum operating for specific ALT,

changes with change in alt

Question 7

What is Mmo?

Answer 7

• maximum Mach number for altitude

Question 8

Descend below MDA?

Answer 8

“VMC”

• visual reference maintained
• minima requirements adhered to
• continuously in a position where a landing can be made with normal; rates of decent

Question 9

IFR A/C departing without forecast?

Answer 9

• pilot satisfied they can return to land within one hour

- can obtain destination and alternate forecast within 30 mins of departure

Question 10

ALT - Aids?

Answer 10

PVT
- one approach or ALT

CHR/RPT
- pilot must be able to suffer failure of 1 aid and still conduct a IAP

Question 11

Descent below MSA/LSALT

Answer 11

Dont vector in very close 
D - DME/GNSS approach 
V - Vectors
I - IAP
V - Visual by day
C - Climb or take off

Question 12

When is a MAPt conducted?

Answer 12

so not visual rofl

So - straight in approach cannot be conducted and minima doesn't allow for circling
Not Visual - not visual at DA MDA
R - Raim lost
O - outside of tolerance
F - failure of an aid
L - lost visual while circling

Question 13

ALT - electric lighting

Answer 13

Alt must be provided for any aerodrome with electric lighting unless

• standby power available and indicated on ERSA
• responsible person

Question 14

Equipement for IFR (standard)

Answer 14

9 items
ASI
ALT
AH x2
VSI
T/S
DG
Compass
clock
OAT

Question 15

IFR equipment stuff (++)

Answer 15

• assigned altitude indicator (Class C)
• Mode C transponder
• Autopilot in hdg and alt mode
  - no need if dual control and second pilot
  - if U/S can be operated for 3 days including day it went U/S

Question 16

RAIM for ENR, TERM and APP/LNAV

Answer 16

ENR - 2nm
TERM - 1nm (switches within 30nm)
APP/LNAV - 0.3nm

Question 17

TAF & TTF vaildity

Answer 17

30 mins before, 60 mins after

TTF - 3 hours

Question 18

NDB Errors

Answer 18

MINTCHAT
Mountains
interference Cochannel
Night
Terrain
Coastal refraction 
Height
Aircraft
Thunderstorms

Question 19

Blocked/Leaked pitot static system and effect on climb and descent?

Answer 19

PUDSUC
Pitot underread descent
Static underread during climb

Question 20

compass errors?

Answer 20

ONUS - overshoot north, undershoot south

SAND - south accelerate, north decelerate

Question 20

compass errors?

Answer 20

ONUS - overshoot north, undershoot south

SAND - south accelerate, north decelerate

Question 21

Real vs apaprent drift on DG

Answer 21

Real is due to shit DG’s

apparent is due to earths rotation

Question 22

VOR errors

Answer 22

A - airbourne
V - vertical polarisation
G - ground station
A - aggregate error
S - site error

Question 23

ASI errors?

Answer 23

Its pretty cool drink

Instrument pressure compressibility and density

Question 24

ASI errors?

Answer 24

Its pretty cool drink

Instrument pressure compressibility and density

Question 25

Mapt obscatle clearance?

and rate of climb?

Answer 25

100ft obstacle clearance at 2.5%

RoC = gs x required gradient %

Question 26

for ILS what is the approach angle/gradient?

Answer 26

3 degrees angle

5 degrees gradient

Question 27

MDA vs DA?

Answer 27

MDA is minimum alt to descend to without visual reference

you can do a Mapt after DA (even if you touch down)

Question 28

what 3 things must the autopilot be capable of operating in IFR?

Answer 28

roll and pitch
auto heading
auto alt

Question 29

Vat?

what is the speed for Seminole CAT B?

Answer 29

at threshold speed (IAS Vs x 1.3)

CAT B - 91-120kts

Question 30

NAV Aid tolerances

Answer 30

NDB - 5 degrees
VOR - half scale 
DME - +/- 2nm
GNSS - half scale
ILS - half scale

Question 31

IFR lighting

Answer 31

7 items
intensity control
pilot compartment
pax compartment
landing lights x2
anti collision/position lights
shockproof torch 
instrument lighting

Question 32

Vyse

Answer 32

single engine broc

88kts

Question 33

descent below circling minima?

Answer 33

VMC, day obstacles, night MDA
visibilty not less than circling minima
maintain visual contact of landing 
inside circling area
by dan not below obstacle clearance
by night not below MDA until downwind, base or final

Question 34

Vtoss?

Answer 34

take off saftey speed

1.2Vs

Question 35

Vxse?

Answer 35

best angle of climb –82kts

Question 36

Cricling approach?
when can you go into no circling?
what is the CAT B obstacles clearance?
what is the arc?

Answer 36

VMC by day
300ft
2.66nm

Question 37

initial and intermediate approach speeds?

Answer 37

for CAT B 120-180 (145 for reversal)

Question 38

Holding speeds?

Answer 38

upto FL 140 - 230 // 170 for CAT A/B
above 140-200 - 240kts
above 200 - 265kts

Question 39

Vfe
Vlg
Vne

Answer 39

Vfe - flap extention - 111kts
Vlg - landing gear 109kts
Vlg - 140kts
Vne - 202kts