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Question 1

Anaerobic intestinal Flora

Answer 1

Bacteroides➡️ intra-abdominal infection
Clostridium (especially Cl. perfringenes)➡️ indicator of fecal pollution of water)
Lactobacilli
Bifidobacterium

Question 2

Aerobes in intestinal Flora

Answer 2

E.cloi
• Indicator of fecal pollution of water
• The commonest cause of UTI

Question 3

Fungi in intestinal Flora

Answer 3

Candida

Question 4

Urinary tract: kidney bladder

Answer 4

Sterile

Question 5

Urinary tract: lower urethra

Answer 5

inhabited by the same organisms in the outer layers of the skin and perineum.

Question 6

The predominant flora in normal adult vagina

Answer 6

Lactobacilli
Function:
ph acidity
** Lactobacilli diminish in number after menopause & after antibiotic treatment leading to predominance of mixed flora or overgrowth of potential pathogens e.g.,Candida

Question 7

Probiotics

Answer 7

living microorganisms, that when ingested, are believed to improve health.

Question 8

probiotic bacteria

Answer 8

Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium

Question 9

Normal flora can produce disease under certain conditions:

Answer 9

1- Changes in their normal habitat
2- Disturbance of the resident flora
3- Opportunistic infection:
4- Conversion of “harmless ingested food substances” into “carcinogens” by bacteria in the colon

Question 10

1-Changes in their normal habitat

Answer 10

1-Viridians streptococci (normal resident flora of the upper respiratory tract) can cause “infective endocarditis”

2-Escherichia coli (a normal flora of the intestine) is the commonest cause of urinary tract infection.

Question 11

2-Disturbance of the resident flora

Answer 11

depletion of gut flora by antibiotics → “overgrowth” of Clotridium difficile causing severe colitis

Question 12

3- Opportunistic infection:

Answer 12

e.g., Candida oral thrush in AIDS patients

Question 13

Carrier:

Asymptomatic healthy individual carrying a true pathogen & can be a source of infection to others

Answer 13

Neisseria meningetidis in throat of healthy individuals→ meningitis

Question 14

4- Conversion of “harmless ingested food substances” into “carcinogens” by which bacteria?

Answer 14

bacteria in the colon

Ex: Artificial sweeteners may be converted into bladder carcinogens.

Question 15

Human Microbiome?

Answer 15

total number & diversity of microbes

Question 16

most common sites of the body inhabited by normal flora are those in contact or communication with the outside world??

Answer 16

Ø Skin	 
Ø Eye		 
Ø Upper respiratory tract	 
Ø Mouth 
Ø Gastrointestinal	 
Ø Urogenital	tracts

Question 17

What is the regions for resident bacterial flora growth?(skin)

Answer 17

(moister regions)
axilla
perineum
toe webs

Question 18

Normal Flora of the skin?(Resident Flora)

Answer 18

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Propionobacterium acne
Staphylococcus aureus

Question 19

Transient Flora?

Answer 19

Skin can acquire any bacteria from the immediate environment “e.g., by touch”
Ø They die or removed by washing/ excluded by
host defense or competition from residents

Question 20

Normal Flora of the conjunctiva?

Answer 20

Staphylococcus epidemidis
Staphylococcus aureus`
Diphtheroids “corynebacterium species”
Streptococcus pnumoniae

Question 21

Normal Flora of the upper respiratory tract((((Nose))))?

Answer 21

Staphylococcus epidemidis
Staphylococcus aureus`(30% of healthy adults)
Diphtheroids “corynebacterium species”

Question 22

Normal Flora of the upper respiratory tract ((Nasopharynx))

Answer 22

Streptococci predominate in the oral cavity and nasopharynx

• Viridans streptococci
• Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 23

Lower respiratory tract is??

Answer 23

sterile معقم مافيه بكتيريا ابدا ابدا ابدا

From (trachea) to (lung)

Question 24

Normal flora of the mouth (Teeth&Gingival tissue)

Answer 24

1- Viridans Streptococci ➡️نوعها➡️ (Streptococcus mutans)➡️تسبب لي➡️ plaque formation اللي هي التصبغات(glycocalyx)
2- Anaerobes➡️تسبب لي➡️ foul smelling