1 Flashcards
Bishop Scores
Max score of 13
Dilation 0-3
Station 0-3
Effacement 0-3
Position 0-2
Consistency 0-2
What is a station score (labor)
-5 is as high in the pelvis as possible
0 is baby head in pelvis
+5 is crowning
Heart sound locations
Aortic: 2nd space R sternal border
Pulmonic: 2nd space L sternal border
Erb’s Point: 3rd space L sternal border
Tricuspid: 5th space L sternal border
Mitral (apex, PMI): 5th space Mid left clavicular line
Meningococcal meningitis
Vaccination available
Signs:
- Stiff neck
- Severe Headache
- Photosensitive
- Drowsy
- Convulsions
- Joint Pain
- Vomiting
Lumbar puncture for dx
Penicillin, ceftriaxone
Electrolyte ranges
Magnesium: 1.5-2.5
Phosphorus 2.5-4.5
Potassium: 3.5-5
Calcium: 8.5-10.5
Chloride: 95-105
Sodium: 135-145
BUN range
5-20
Creatinine Range
0.6-1.2
Albumin range
3.5-5.5
Liver enzyme ranges
ALT: 7-56
AST: 10-40
CBC ranges
WBC: 5,000-10,000
RBC: 4.5-5 million
Platelets: 150k-400k
Hgb:
- Women: 12-16 g/dL
- Men: 14-18 g-dL
Hct:
- Women: 37-47%
- Men: 42-52%
Coag Ranges
PT: 10-12 seconds
INR: <1 if not on warfarin
2-3 if on warfarin
aPTT: Normal is 30-40 sec
1.5-2.5x normal range If on heparin
Lipid Panel ranges
LDL under 100
HDL over 60
Total cholesterol under 200
Triglycerides under 150
A1c range
4-6% without diabetes
under 7% with diabetes
Digoxin range
0.5-2 ng/mL
Lithium range
0.5-1.2 mmol/L
Hypocalcemia
Can be caused by damage to parathyroid
Twitchy
Excess DTR
Tetany
Hand cramp when BP taken (Trousseau)
Face spasm when touched (Chvostek)
Stridor
Parasthesia/tingling
Prolonged QT—> can cause Vtach
Hyperkalemia
Most common cause is renal failure
Digoxin and beta blockers can cause decreased potassium reuptake–> higher serum levels
Manifestations:
- Tall peaked T waves
- Loss of P waves
- Prolonged PR
- ST depression
- Widening QRS
- Heart block
- V fib
- Asystole
- Fatigue
- Cramps
- Parasthesia
- Respiratory arrest from paralysis
- Diarrhea, hyperactive GI, vomiting
Hypokalemia
Diarrhea
Laxative misuse
Low magnesium can cause Low potassium
Peaked P wave Prolonged PR interval ST depression Shallow T wave Prominent U wave
Manifestations:
- Heart block
- Ventricle dysrhythmias
- paralysis
- Decreased glucose tolerance–> hyperglycemia
- Respiratory failure
- Constipation/Paralytic ileus
Hypercalcemia
Caused mainly by hyperparathyroidism and cancers
Fatigue Lethargy Weakness Confusion-->hallucinations Seizures, Coma
Heart block
Vtach
Hyperphosphatemia
AKI or CKD
Can be asymptomatic until Ca binds and causes signs of hypocalcemia.
Calcified deposits in body
Hypophosphatemia
Often asymptomatic
Acute manifestations:
- CNS depression
- Weakness
- Respiratory failure
- Heart failure
- Rickets/Osteomalacia
Hypermagnesemia
Renal failure
Manifestations: Hypotension Facial flushing Lethargy Urinary retention Nausea Vomiting
Loss of DTR
Coma, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest can occur
Hypomagnesemia
Increased GI or renal losses, starvation, chronic ETOH abuse.
Resembles Hypocalcemia
GFR range
60-120
