1.

Question 1

Define globalisation for 3 marks

Answer 1

/Intergration of cultures,economies,policies into one global mixture
/Process via which intl cultures blend together . (give any South African context)
/+ves= increased foreign investment and tech advances
/-ves= increased isolation and animosity

Question 2

Describe media imperialism 2 marks

Answer 2

Domination of one culture over another , via specific use of media(music, TV,etc)

Question 3

Describe effects of media imperialism 2 marks

Answer 3

/Dissolution of smaller culture

/Imbalance of info flow between submissive and dominant country .

Question 4

Explain the term hybridisation via eg’s

Answer 4

Process via which a culture adopts global aspects whilst mainaintaing its core identity eg: Spanglish

Question 5

Explain the concept of global economy (2 marks)

Answer 5

The coming together of different economies around the world

Question 6

Explain the concept of division or labour using examples . Also give positives and negatives of it (total about 6 marks)

Answer 6

A group of people that take different tasks to perform the same . Example : cheeseburger : one person for the patty , one for the bun etc . Positive: cheaper to produce goods . Negative : interdependancies

Question 7

Explain the term transborder data flow using a local example ( maybe 2 marks)

Answer 7

Literally just the flow of data across borders . Aims to bring benefits for both developed and developing countries but usually favours the developed

Question 8

Discuss , using practical examples, the three domains of global communication politics . (9marks)

Answer 8

Telecommunication : International Telegraphy Union founded in 1868 . Proposed a reduced telegraphy tariff in order to improve international telegraph conditions and improve national safety . (example : International Telegraphy Union)

• Intellectual property : Aims to protect original work from reproduction until 50 years after the death of the creator . Also looks to promote arts/science/literature as well as encourage dissemination of artistic works .
• Mass media : During the uprising of mass media as we know it today , there was much discussion about its positives and negatives . +ve’s = improved cultural understanding for all nations about all other nations.
• ve’s/concerns : possible use of media for obscene material , propaganda , diplomacy etc .

Question 9

Critically discuss the changes in global communication politics (8 marks)

Answer 9

• Previous 100 years of policy meant to co-ordinate national policy that were shaped independantly by nations . Today , it determines the spaces in which countries can determine policy .
• There has been a shift from political discourse to economic discourse in the political communications space . Proof is found in the growing focus on intellectual property and protection for investors and producers .
• The power of the rich in politics is becoming more and more clear , with the wealthy dictating global policy the world over . Likewise with transnational corporations , policy making becomes business rather than politics based .

Question 10

Explain the terms “privatisation” and “ liberalisation” in terms of telecommunication using South African examples . (4 marks)

Answer 10

*Privatisation =Transfer of SOE’s and other assets into private owner ship
*Liberalisation = Opening of market to competiton .
The two terms clash with one another as one aims to reduce monopoly whilst the other wants it to grow .

Question 11

How does the neoliberal and humanitarian agenda differ on the issue of access ? 4 marks

Answer 11

Neo : People are seen as consumers , thus they must be given access to communication infrastructure so they intergrate into global consumer society .
Humanitarian : People need to be literate so that communication information can be used to increase their democratic participation .

Question 12

How does the neoliberal and humanitarian agenda differ on the issue of knowledge 4 marks

Answer 12

Neo: Knowledge is a commodity that must be privately owned and protected .
Humanitarian : Knowledge is a public entity that must be kept free .

Question 13

How does the neoliberal and humanitarian agenda differ on the issue of global advertising 5 marks

Answer 13

Neo : Increased interest in the expansion of global advertising , meaning an increased space in media , new arget group, incrased sponsorships and place to advertise .
Humanitarian : Concerned about the eco concerns around increased consumerism as well as gap between those who can shop worldwide and those who can’t . Agenda also seeks to defend ublic space against exploitation .

Question 14

How does the neoliberal and humanitarian agenda differ on the issue of Privacy ? 4 marks

Answer 14

Neo : Increased interest in data mining i.e. the systemic collection and storage of data about individuals for marketing purposes .
Humanitarian : Interest is to protect peoples privacy and make them critical of advertising .

Question 15

How does the neoliberal and humanitarian agenda differ on the issue of intellectual property rights? 6 marks

Answer 15

Neo : Aims to protect trade based system that protects IPR which enables corporations to exploit these rights . IPR owners also want to extend the protection period for materials . bought under this threat .

Humanitarian : Worried that system allows for the theft of genetic material fro the poor to serve private interests . Aims to protect communal resources from exploitation .

Question 16

How does the neoliberal and humanitarian agenda differ on the issue of concentration ? 4 marks

Answer 16

Neo : Aim to strengthen ties with business partners to increase hold onn the world market . Want to create a regulation vacuum

Humanitarian : Concerned that the global merger activity of today hurts consumers and professionals by lowering diversity and autonomy .

Question 17

List the various strategies that countries can use to protect their own cultural products . 5 marks

Answer 17

Quotas , Subsidies/Grants , Regional Alliances and co-productions , Adaptations of programmes produced in other cultures , Resistance measures .

Question 18

Critically discuss Quotas 4 marks

Answer 18

The US treats cultural products like any other good to be imported or exported .
*Meanwhile other countries claim cultural exception for AV products , labelling them as key indicators of national identity .

Question 19

Critically discuss Subsidies and grants 3 marks .

Answer 19

• US doesn’t support subsidies for development of TV and film
• Other countries give grants to the entertainment industry as they feel it might die without it .

Question 20

Critically discuss Regional alliances , including co-productions 3 marks

Answer 20

• Specific care is taken in this instance to use national subsidies for co-productions .
• Advantages of co-productions : strong domestic market , increased access across cultures , wide name recognition , profitable .

Question 21

Examine the management of cultural conflict within the context of global communication 6 marks

Answer 21

• Cultural conflict is present world wide .
• In a world where identity is becoming more and more shared , conflict arises when a minority aims to retain their uniqueness .
• Media adds o this cultural conflict by promoting the idea that all people are alike when they aren’t .
• Media’s ease of access allows to focus on consuming a hyper specfic brand of media tailored to them . This leads to us not learning about other cultures besides our own .
• This leads to ingrained prejudices over time .

Question 22

Explain using examples the following processes and their implications within the context of global cultures : Hyrbridisation , Creolisation , Glocalisation 6 marks

Answer 22

• Creolisation refers to the mix of cultural frames within all of us , during which the dominant culture and submissive culture shares traits .
• Glocalisation refers specifically to immigrantion/resettling , where a local picks up traits of a place they are trying to settle into .
• Hybrisation refers to a cultural blend that has different parts of two or more cultures blended together . No one culture dominates and aspects of each culture are evident .