1-100 Flashcards
Som
“Som” is a relative pronoun that is used to connect clauses in a sentence:
-Mannen som bor är min granne = The man who lives here is my neighbour
-Boken som jag läser är mycket spännande = The book that I’m reading is very exciting
It can also be used in comparisons to express similarity:
Hon är lika lång sim jag = she is as tall as I am
Jag
Jag = I / me
Han är sim jag = He is like me
Han / Hans
He / His
Att
To/That
In Swedish, the equivalent of “to” is ‘Att’, which is placed before the infinitive verb.
Jag vill lära mig att spela gitarr = I want to learn how to play guitar
‘Att’ is introducing the infinitive verb “spela” (to play)
Var
Was/where
Used to indicate that someone or something was in a certain state or condition in the past:
Jag var på bio igår kväll = I was at the movies last night
In addition to being used as a verb, “var” can also be used as an interrogative pronoun to ask about the location or position of something:
Var är toaletten? = where is the bathroom?
För
- “For” as a preposition: This is the most common use of “för”. It is usually translated to “for” in English, and it indicates a purpose or a beneficiary.
- Jag köpte en present för min vän = I bought a present for my friend.
- “For” as a conjunction: “För” can also be used as a conjunction, similar to “because” or “since”, to introduce a reason or an explanation.
- Jag stannade hemma idag, för jag är sjuk = I stayed home today because I’m sick.
- “Too/also” as an adverb: “För” can also mean “too” or “also”, when used as an adverb.
- Jag vill också ha en glass, för det ser så gott ut = I want an ice cream too, it looks so good.
- “In order to” as an adverb: Sometimes “för” can be translated as “in order to”, when used as an adverb.
- Jag tränar varje dag för att bli starkare = I exercise every day in order to become stronger.
På
“på” is a preposition that is commonly used to indicate location or position.
1) indicating something is on top of something else
- boken ligger på bordet = The book is on the table
2) indicating a specific day or date
- Jag ska träffa henne på lördag = I’m going to meet her on Saturday
3) indicating a general time period
- Jag jobbar på natten = I work at night
Är
Är” is the present tense form of the infinitive verb “att vara” which means “to be” in English. In Swedish, “är” is used to describe a state or condition of a subject at the present time. For instance,
- Jag är trött. (I am tired.)
- Det är soligt idag. (It’s sunny today.)
- Hon är advokat. (She is a lawyer.)
“Är” is also used in questions to ask about someone’s identity or occupation.
- Vad är du? (What are you?)
- Är du lärare? (Are you a teacher?)
Med
“med” can be translated to “with” in English.
- Jag ska åka till stranden med mina vänner = I am going to the beach with my friends
De
“de” is a demonstrative pronoun that is used to refer to plural nouns or a group of people or things. It can also be used as a pronoun in formal situations to refer to a person or a group of people.
- De är mina vänner = They are my friends
- De här böckerna är mycket intressanta = These books are very interesting
- De önskar att du kommer på mötet imorgon = They wish for you to come to the meeting tomorrow
- Jag träffade de på festen i lördags = I met them at the party last Saturday
Vara
“vara” is a verb that means “to be.” It is used to indicate the state, condition, or existence of a person, place, or thing.
- Jag är trött = I am tired
- Stockholm är Sveriges huvudstad = Stockholm is the capital of Sweden
- Det finns inga bilar på gatan. (There aren’t any cars on the street.)
“Vara” can also be used in the passive voice, to indicate that something is being done to the subject of the sentence:
- Boken har blivit läst av många människor. (The book has been read by many people.)
Finally, “vara” is also used in some idiomatic expressions and set phrases, such as “att vara med” (to be in), “att vara efter” (to be late), and “att vara på gång” (to be in the works).
Av
- “Av” can be used as a preposition to indicate that something or someone originated from or came out of a particular place or situation.
- Jag kommer av en småstad i Norrland = I come from a small town in Norrland - “Av” can be used as a preposition to indicate separation or removal of something.
-Ta bort skalet av äpplet = Remove the skin from the apple - “Av” can be used as an adverb to express a negative emotion or feeling
- Jag blev avundsjuk på hennes nya bil = I felt jealous of her new car. - “Av” can be used as a conjunction to connect two clauses indicating the cause and effect relationship.
- Han missade bussen av den enkla anledningen att han var sen = He missed the bus because he was late
