09 Electricity Flashcards
Energy is transferred in electrical systems by the movement of…
electric charges
A circuit
A path through which electric charge can move
Electric current
The flow of electric charge in a circuit
An example of a simple electric circuit
A cell
Conducting wires
A light bulb
A system that transfers electrical energy
A circuit
A simple example of a energy source in a circuit
A cell or battery
A cell in a circuits provides energy by
Chemical energy converted into electrical energy
The energy conversions involved in a lit light bulb
Electrical energy converted into thermal and light energy
The energy conversions involved in a complete circuit including a cell, conducting wires and a light bulb.
- Chemical energy in cell
- converted into electrical energy,
- flow of charges use kinetic energy,
- in the bulb this is converted into thermal
- and light energy
An open circuit
Electric current cannot flow
A closed circuit
Electric current is allowed to flow
The more cells that are connected in a circuit
The greater the amount of electrical energy
A switch
A circuit component / a device It opens and closes the circuit used to control electrical circuits
Parts of a circuit
Components
Conducting wires
Materials through which electrons can easily flow
Usually made of metals E.g. copper wires
A cell
A chemical system that stores electrical potential energy
A battery
Two or more cells forming a chemical system that stores electrical potential energy
Device that controls electrical energy flowing into a house
Mains switch
You must always switch of unused appliances
To conserve electrical energy
To prevent accidental fires and electric shocks
Two important parts of a cell or battery
Positive terminal
Negative terminal
Direction electrons flow in a circuit
From the negative terminal of the cell
Through the conducting wires
To the positive terminal of the cell
Resistor
Materials that conduct electrical charge but oppose or resist it
A filament
The resistance wire in a light bulb
Effects of electric current
cause a resistance wire to heat up
cause a magnetic field
cause chemical reactions
Short circuit
- A circuit that allows current to flow in an unintended circuit
- The path of least resistance
Magnetic field
lines of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle
Effects and possible effects of a short circuit
More electons move through the wires
Conducting wires heat quickly
Wires could melt
Houses and cars can catch on fire
Ionic solution of copper (II) chloride
water molecules
copper ions (positively charged)
chlorine ions (negatively charged)
An ionic solution
A solution of water with positively and negatively charged particles
Anode
- An electrode
- Conducting material connected to the positive terminal
- Positively charged
Cathode
- An electrode
- Conducting material connected to the negative terminal
- Negatively charged
Electrodes
Conducting material connected to terminals of a battery or cell
Electrolysis
Chemical reaction
Compounds can be broken down into elements
Products of the electrolysis of water
Hydrogen gas bubbles at cathode
Oxygen gas bubbles at anode
Fuse
- A device used to protect electrical components
- A piece of metal that melts when overheated
- Thus breaking if the circuit is overloaded
Making a stronger electromagnet
Wrapping more wire around the nail
Increasing voltage of cell
Adding more cells
A device used to find out the direction of a magnetic field
Compass
Labels for 1-3
- A cell
- A light bulb
- Conducting wires
Visible components
Cell
Conducting wires
Switch
Light bulb
The picture representing system that transfers electrical energy
A - the torch
It has a battery, wires and bulb that form an electrical circuit
Differences between A and B
A: bulb not lit B: bulb lit
A: no electric current in conducting wires B: electric current in conducting wires
A: switch open B: switch closed
Components
A: A cell
B: A battery
Magnetic field indicated by
Iron filings scattered in a circular/concentric pattern around a conducting wire
Compasses indicating a magnetic field
and its direction around a conducting wire
Image showing
An electromagnet
Used to separate metals
Controlled by a switch
For sorting recyclable materials
Image showing
Electrolysis of water
Using pencils as electrodes
Two cells making up the battery
Crocodile clips as conducting wires
Two fuzes
With these materials and equipments you could make and demonstrate
An electromagnet
