07 Retina Flashcards
Slide 17
Name the different types of bipolar cells (majority)
- diffuse
- midget
- S cone
- rod
Slide 17/22
True or false. There are two types of midget bipolar cells responding to a single cone either the on cell or off cell. They are located mostly in the fovea.
True
Slide 18
.____ bipolar cells might get input from 30-50 ____. This is why night vision is blurry.
A. Rod/rods B. Midget/rods C. S cone/rods D. Rod/ midget
A. Rod/Rods
Slide 20
True or False. Midget bipolar cells are intermediate cells that modulate ganglion cells.
False: Amacrine bipolar cells
Slide 20
What is the most common amacrine cell?
Starburst Amacrine cell
Slide 21
Blue-yellow ganglion cells distinguish different _____
A. shapes
B. wavelengths
C. Visual details
B. wavelengths
Slide 21
\_\_\_\_ ganglion cells get input from L and M cones in order to distinguish shape and luminance A. Parasol B. Midget C. Blue-Yellow D. Biplexiform
A. Parasol
Slide 7
True or false. More glutamate is released in the dark
true
Slide 7
True or false. The disks in rods regenerate and are replaced by outer segment cells.
False, they are replace by inner segment cells
Slide 8
True or false. The fovea centralis has the highest number of cones.
True
Slide 9
- There are _______ as many rods as cones.
a. 5-10 times
b. 15-20 times
c. 30-40 times
d. 50-60 times
b. 15-20 times
Slide 7
- The __________________ catches the photons.
a. Synaptic terminal
b. Outer segment
c. Inner segment
d. Bipolar cells
b. Outer segment
Slide 10
- True or false. Primates have two cone types but mammals have three.
False: primates have three cone types but most mammals have only two
Sldie 11
True or false. There are mechanisms to neutralize signals of L/M cone ratios
True
Slide 12
What do cone pedicles couple responses through?
Gap junctions
Slide 13
True or false. Horizontal cells are mostly inhibitory.
True
Slide 13
Horizontal Cells sample activation from _____________
A broad area
Slide 14
What are the two types of horizontal cells?
HI and HII
Slide 14
HI cells connect to _____________
Rods, L and M cones
Slide 15
True or false. HI cells have short arbors.
False, HI cells have long arbors
Slide 16
What do HII cells connect to?
S, L and M cones
slide 2
Light penetrates through which section of the retina first?
a) Ganglion cell layer
b) Inner synaptic layer
c) Inner limiting membrane
d) Inner nuclear layer
c) Inner limiting membrane
Slide 2
Photoreceptors are found in which part of the retina?
Outer segment
Slide 2
The retina has __________________ sections. Those sections are made of __________________cell layers and __________________ intermediate layers.
a) 5, 2, 3 intermediate layers
b) 5, 3, 2 intermediate layers
c) 5, 3, 3 intermediate layers
d) 5, 4, 3 intermediate layers
a) 5, 2, 3 intermediate layers
Slide 3
True or false: Rods and cones in outer plexiform layer synapse with horizontal cells.
True
Slide 4
True or false: photoreceptors respond to light by graded potential and not action potentials
True
Slide 5
What are the 4 most common ganglion cells in the eye?
a) Large bodied cells, midget cells, stratified cells, parasol cells
b) Midget cells, horizontal cells, parasol cells, amacrine cells
c) parasol cells, bipolar cells, small bodied inner cells, amacrine cells
d) Parasol cells, midget cells, bistratified cell, small bodied inner cells
d) Parasol cells, midget cells, bistratified cell, small bodied inner cells
Slide 5
Which type of ganglion cell codes for color?
a) Parasol cells
b) Midget cells
c) bistratified cell
d) Small bodied inner cells
b) Midget cells
Slide 6
True or false: We have approximately 20 times more cones than rods
False
