07 - parasitic zoonoses

Question 1

1. How do people acquire ascarid infection?

Answer 1

ingestion of eggs/larva (from soil), direct transmission unlikely

Question 2

how do people acquire hookworm infections?

Answer 2

direct skin contact w/ hookworm larva in soil (stay in skin)

Question 3

how do people acquire echinococcus infection?

Answer 3

ingestion of eggs released by definitive hosts (canine)

Question 4

How and when do unembryonated Toxocara eggs become infective?

Answer 4

Take 2-4 weeks in the environment to larvate (larva = infective stage)

Question 5

What are the clinical manifestations in people of ascarid infections?

Answer 5

Ascarid (two main diseases)

Visceral larval migrans – infective-stage larvae migrate through lungs, liver, or other organs
Ocular larval migrans

Question 6

What are the clinincal manifestations in people of hookworm infections?

Answer 6

Cutaneous larval migrans – progressive, intensely pruritic, linear eruption lesions

Question 7

What ages (weeks) should kittens and puppies be treated for ascarid/hookworm infections?

Answer 7

• Hookworm: ages 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks of age
• If ascarids present – begin at 3 weeks
• For kittens: 5, 7, 9 weeks of age

Question 8

What are the definitive hosts of echinococcus sp?

Answer 8

Definitive = canine (other canids), cats
Intermediate = sheep, cattle, pigs, humans

Question 9

Can fecal exams identify Echinococcus Sp.?

Answer 9

No, eggs look same as Taenia spp, and the tiny proglottids are rarely noticed

Question 10

What are symptoms of alveolar hydatid disease?

Answer 10

Liver cysts -> abdominal pain, jaundice (if bile duct obstruction), rupture -> fever, uticaria, anaphylactic reaction

Pulmonary cysts -> cough, chest pain, hemoptysis

Question 11

Be able to prepare client materials discussing measures to protect family members from intestinal parasites…