07 - 10 Flashcards
What was the most important environmental factor in early human settlement?
water
What were some uses of water?
drinking, bathing, washing things, preventing disease, food, farming
Why was topography important to farmers?
They needed flat land to farm.
A long, fertile valley ending in a marshy delta was created by what?
the Nile River
What did the Nile River provide the valley that made it easier to farm?
natural irrigation and fertilization
What was plentiful in the Nile River Valley that was rare in the dry deserts?
vegetation
What type of plant was used to make paper and rope?
papyrus
What are some other crops that were grown in the Nile River Valley?
wheat and barley
What were some physical features of Canaan?
plains, valleys, hills, mountains, deserts, bodies of water
What river flowed through the middle of Canaan?
the Jordan River
Was water from the Dead Sea good for farming? Why or why not?
No, it was too salty.
What was the main source of water in Canaan?
the Jordan River
What freshwater lake was also a good source of water?
the Sea of Galilee
Why types of area were hardest for people to settle in?
mountains and deserts
Did Canaan have a lot of plant life? Why or why not?
No, the climate was too hot and dry.
What was another name for the Old Kingdom?
the Age of Pyramids
What was another name for the Middle Kingdom?
the Period of Reunification
During which kingdom did Ancient Egypt reach its greatest heights?
the New Kingdom
What were the pyramids built for?
tombs for pharaohs
What is Pharaoh Khufu most know for?
building the Great Pyramid of Giza
What did Khufu declare himself?
a god
What crystal stone did artisans create?
purple amethyst
Why does Sinuhe leave Egypt in “The Story of Sinuhe”?
because he fears for his life
What happened to the White Chapel after Pharaoh Senusret?
It was taken apart.
What did archaeologists later do with the White Chapel?
put it back together
What did archaeologists later do with the White Chapel?
put it back together
Who was one of the first female pharaohs?
Hatshepsut
What did Hatshepsut do so that she would be respected more?
portray herself as a man
Where did Hatshepsut send ships in order to exchange and trade goods?
the African kingdom of Punt
Where did Hatshepsut make a monument?
Dayr-al-Bahri
Which pharaoh is well known for his military leadership?
Ramses II
Who did Ramses II lead a military campain against?
the Hittite Empire
From highest to lowest, what order were the social classes of Egypt?
government officials, priests, scribes, artisans, peasants
What was the smallest social class in size?
government officials
What was the largest social class in size?
peasants
True or False - only men were allowed to own land.
False - women could also own land.
What was the main job of the chief treasurer?
to collect taxes
Whose duty was it to oversee religious ceremonies?
the high priest
What did the Egyptians think happened to a person’s body in the afterlife?
It stayed with their dead spirit.
What did the Egyptians bury with their dead?
food and goods
Who read and kept records for the Egyptians?
scribes
How long did scribes spend learning hieroglyphs?
at least 12 years
Who were the skilled workers that were not respected by the higher classes?
artisans
Which artisans were considered the most skilled?
stone carvers
Who were the “unskilled” workers in the fields?
peasants
Who did the work to build monuments, temples, and pyramids?
peasants
Why was Kush’s location so important?
It linked central and south Africa to Egypt and was a good trading center.
Egyptians traded grain and linen with Kush in exchange for what?
ivory, leather, timber, gold, slaves
After Egypt weakened, what happened to it?
It was conquered by Kush.
Where was Kush located?
south of Egypt on the Nile River
When was Kush’s period of prosperity?
2000 BCE to 350 CE
What was the other name for Kush, and why was it called this?
Nubia, because it had a ton of gold, and “nub” meant gold
What was the main factor in Egypt’s weakening?
political instability
The resources and payment that a conquered nation is forced to pay to its conqueror is called what?
tribute
The dynasty of rulers started by Piye was named what?
the Black Pharaohs
Why did Kushite pharaohs flee from Egypt?
the Assyrian invasion
What was the capital of Kush?
Meroe
Why was Meroe chosen as the capital of Kush?
It was far away from Egypt.
What natural resource was Meroe known for?
iron
What was a powerful female leader who ruled Kush called?
a kandake
Under which leader did Kush defend itself from the Romans?
Queen Amanirenas
