07 - 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the most important environmental factor in early human settlement?

A

water

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2
Q

What were some uses of water?

A

drinking, bathing, washing things, preventing disease, food, farming

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3
Q

Why was topography important to farmers?

A

They needed flat land to farm.

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4
Q

A long, fertile valley ending in a marshy delta was created by what?

A

the Nile River

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5
Q

What did the Nile River provide the valley that made it easier to farm?

A

natural irrigation and fertilization

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6
Q

What was plentiful in the Nile River Valley that was rare in the dry deserts?

A

vegetation

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7
Q

What type of plant was used to make paper and rope?

A

papyrus

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8
Q

What are some other crops that were grown in the Nile River Valley?

A

wheat and barley

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9
Q

What were some physical features of Canaan?

A

plains, valleys, hills, mountains, deserts, bodies of water

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10
Q

What river flowed through the middle of Canaan?

A

the Jordan River

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11
Q

Was water from the Dead Sea good for farming? Why or why not?

A

No, it was too salty.

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12
Q

What was the main source of water in Canaan?

A

the Jordan River

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13
Q

What freshwater lake was also a good source of water?

A

the Sea of Galilee

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14
Q

Why types of area were hardest for people to settle in?

A

mountains and deserts

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15
Q

Did Canaan have a lot of plant life? Why or why not?

A

No, the climate was too hot and dry.

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16
Q

What was another name for the Old Kingdom?

A

the Age of Pyramids

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17
Q

What was another name for the Middle Kingdom?

A

the Period of Reunification

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18
Q

During which kingdom did Ancient Egypt reach its greatest heights?

A

the New Kingdom

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19
Q

What were the pyramids built for?

A

tombs for pharaohs

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20
Q

What is Pharaoh Khufu most know for?

A

building the Great Pyramid of Giza

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21
Q

What did Khufu declare himself?

A

a god

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22
Q

What crystal stone did artisans create?

A

purple amethyst

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23
Q

Why does Sinuhe leave Egypt in “The Story of Sinuhe”?

A

because he fears for his life

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24
Q

What happened to the White Chapel after Pharaoh Senusret?

A

It was taken apart.

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25
Q

What did archaeologists later do with the White Chapel?

A

put it back together

26
Q

What did archaeologists later do with the White Chapel?

A

put it back together

27
Q

Who was one of the first female pharaohs?

A

Hatshepsut

28
Q

What did Hatshepsut do so that she would be respected more?

A

portray herself as a man

29
Q

Where did Hatshepsut send ships in order to exchange and trade goods?

A

the African kingdom of Punt

30
Q

Where did Hatshepsut make a monument?

A

Dayr-al-Bahri

31
Q

Which pharaoh is well known for his military leadership?

A

Ramses II

32
Q

Who did Ramses II lead a military campain against?

A

the Hittite Empire

33
Q

From highest to lowest, what order were the social classes of Egypt?

A

government officials, priests, scribes, artisans, peasants

34
Q

What was the smallest social class in size?

A

government officials

35
Q

What was the largest social class in size?

A

peasants

36
Q

True or False - only men were allowed to own land.

A

False - women could also own land.

37
Q

What was the main job of the chief treasurer?

A

to collect taxes

38
Q

Whose duty was it to oversee religious ceremonies?

A

the high priest

39
Q

What did the Egyptians think happened to a person’s body in the afterlife?

A

It stayed with their dead spirit.

40
Q

What did the Egyptians bury with their dead?

A

food and goods

41
Q

Who read and kept records for the Egyptians?

A

scribes

42
Q

How long did scribes spend learning hieroglyphs?

A

at least 12 years

43
Q

Who were the skilled workers that were not respected by the higher classes?

A

artisans

44
Q

Which artisans were considered the most skilled?

A

stone carvers

45
Q

Who were the “unskilled” workers in the fields?

A

peasants

46
Q

Who did the work to build monuments, temples, and pyramids?

A

peasants

47
Q

Why was Kush’s location so important?

A

It linked central and south Africa to Egypt and was a good trading center.

48
Q

Egyptians traded grain and linen with Kush in exchange for what?

A

ivory, leather, timber, gold, slaves

49
Q

After Egypt weakened, what happened to it?

A

It was conquered by Kush.

50
Q

Where was Kush located?

A

south of Egypt on the Nile River

51
Q

When was Kush’s period of prosperity?

A

2000 BCE to 350 CE

52
Q

What was the other name for Kush, and why was it called this?

A

Nubia, because it had a ton of gold, and “nub” meant gold

53
Q

What was the main factor in Egypt’s weakening?

A

political instability

54
Q

The resources and payment that a conquered nation is forced to pay to its conqueror is called what?

A

tribute

55
Q

The dynasty of rulers started by Piye was named what?

A

the Black Pharaohs

56
Q

Why did Kushite pharaohs flee from Egypt?

A

the Assyrian invasion

57
Q

What was the capital of Kush?

A

Meroe

58
Q

Why was Meroe chosen as the capital of Kush?

A

It was far away from Egypt.

59
Q

What natural resource was Meroe known for?

A

iron

60
Q

What was a powerful female leader who ruled Kush called?

A

a kandake

61
Q

Under which leader did Kush defend itself from the Romans?

A

Queen Amanirenas