06-SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS/PROCEDURES Flashcards
Which of the following statements is true of plane surveying?
A. Plane surveying disregards the curvature of the earth.
B. As the size of the area increases, the accuracy and precision of plane surveying decreases.
C. The term plane surveying is reserved for surveys whose results are expressed in state plane coordinates.
D. Both A and B are true.
D. Both A and B are true.
Solution: Plane surveying differs from geodetic surveying in the treatment of the curvature of the earth. Plane surveying is conducted with a horizontal plane as its reference surface, whereas geodetic surveying takes curvature into account.
- The four points of the compass-north, south, east and west- are known by what common name?
A. Occidental directions
B. Collimation directions
C. Oriental directions
D. Cardinal directions
D. Cardinal directions
Solutions: The four principal points of the compass are known as Cardinal directions.
- Which of the following scales is not included on a standard triangular engineers scale?
A. 1in = 50ft
B. 1in = 100ft
C. 1in = 10ft
D. 1in = 40ft
D. 1in = 100ft
Solution: The standard scales available on the triangular engineer’s scale include 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 but not 100.
- The standard gauge of railroad tracks in the U.S. is normally measured between points 5/8 in below the top of the rails. What is the standard railroad gauge within the US?
A. 5 ft
B. 4 ft, 6 1/4in
C. 4.60 ft
D. 4 ft, 8 1/2in
D. 4 ft, 8 1/2in
Solution: While narrow and broad guage railroad tracks exist 4ft, 8 1/2in is standard and is sometimes marked on steel tapes for reference.
- Which of the following quantities may be properly measured in miners inches?
A. The depth of the shift
B. The weight of ore
C. The density of the mineral
D. The rate of flow of water.
D. The rate of flow of water
Solution: A miner’s inch is an approximate measurement of rate of flow. Generally speaking, a miner’s inch equals a rate of flow of about 1.5 cu ft per minute.
- When a number has been recorded in a field book in error, the correction of the entry is best accomplished by which of the following procedures?
A. Erasing the error and rewriting.
B. Writing the correct number over the error.
C. Voiding the entire page.
D. Drawing a line through the error and rewriting the proper value above.
D. Drawing a line through the error and rewriting
- A measurement of 3.90ft is recorded in a surveyors field notes. Which of the following assumptions is supported by this entry?
A. The measurement was made to the nearest hundredth.
B. The measurement was made to the nearest tenth.
C. The measurement was estimated.
D. The measurement was made to the nearest hundredth but is only significant to the nearest tenth.
A. The measurement was made to the nearest hundredth.
Solution: Even though the last digital is zero, the entry indicates that the measurement is significant to the nearest hundreth.
- To which of the following charts should a surveyor refer to determine the approximately magnetic declaration in a particular location?
A. An isogradient chart
B. An isohaline chart
C. An isomagnetic chart
D. An isogonic chart
D. An isogonic chart
Solution: An isogonic chart is a map connecting point of equal magnetic declination. Reference to such a chart is one way to determine approximately magnetic declination
- Which of the following variations does not affect the magnetic declination at a place over time?
A. Secular variation
B. Annual variation
C. Daily variation
D. Constant variation
D. Constant variation
Solution: Constant variation is a fabrication, no such thing exists.
- A line observed in 1911 had a magnetic declination bearing of N10°24’E, and the magnetic declination at that time was 04°E. What will the magnetic bearing of the line be today if the declination is 00°25’W.
A. N14°31’E
B. N05°59’E
C. N09°50’E
D. N14°49’E
D. N14°24’E
Solution: The true bearing of the line in 1911 can be found by adding the declination to the magnetic bearing.
N10°24’E + 04°00’ = N14°24’E
N14°24’E + 00°25’ = N14°49’E
- If the image of a well-defined dot appears to be a blurred circle when observed through a lens system, which of the following terms best defines the defect?
A. Coma
B. Chromatic aberration
C. Astigmatism
D. Spherical aberration
D. Spherical aberration
Solution: Spherical aberration causes light passing through a lens to focus at more than one point.
- Which of the following statements correctly defines the effect of atmospheric refraction?
A. Generally, refraction makes objects appear lower than they actually are.
B. As the density of the air increases, refraction decreases.
C. Generally? Refraction makes objects appear higher than they actually are.
D. Both A and B are true.
C. Generally, refraction makes objects appear higher than they actually are.
- Two types of eyepieces are generally used in surveying instruments: erecting and inverting. Which of the following correctly represents the arrangement of lenses appropriate to each?
A. Two convex lenses: inverting
One convex lens: erecting
B. Four concave lenses: erecting
Two convex lenses: inverting
C. Two concave lenses: erecting
Four convex lenses: erecting
D. Two convex lenses: inverting
Four convex lenses: erecting
D. Two convex lenses: inverting
Four convex lenses: erecting
Solution: Usually, four convex lenses constitute an erecting eyepiece, and two convex lenses constitute an inverting eye piece. Because it has fewer lenses, an inverting eyepiece provides slightly superior optical acuity but is not widely used in the U.S.
- The image produced by a particular instrument is obscured by various hues of light. What is the name given to this condition?
A. Coma
B. Lacuna distortion
C. Chromatic aberration
D. Precession
C. Chromatic aberration
Solution: Chromatic aberration is caused by different elements of the spectrum being diverted differently as they pass through a lens.
- What objective lens design is used to minimize both spherical and chromatic aberration in the optical systems of many surveying instruments?
A. A double-convex objective lens
B. A single-coated objective lens
C. A compound lens of crown glass and flint glass.
D. A polarizing filter
C. A compound lens of crown glass a d flint glass.
Solution: A combination of a double-convex lens of flint glass tends to minimize the effects of both spherical and chromatic aberration.
- Which of the following ranges of magnification includes most surveying telescopes?
A. 5 to 12 diameters
B. 5 to 35 diameters
C. 18 to 42 diameters
D. 46 to 71 diameters
C. 18 to 42 diameters
Solution: Most instruments have magnification between 18 to 42 diameters.
