06 Hardware And Software Flashcards
What is hardware?
The electrical or electro-mechanical parts of a computer
What is software?
All the programs that make the computer function
What are the two ways of classifying software?
System Software - Operating Systems and Utility Programs
Application Software - General and Special Purpose
What does system software do?
Runs and manages the computer’s hardware and application programs
Allocates jobs to processor, installs software, maintains security, peripheral management
What is the operating system?
Serves as a middle man for communication between the computers hardware and software
Windows
OS X
Linux
What does the OS do?
Resource Management - Processor scheduling, memory management, IO management, backing store management
Provision of user interface - Command Line, Menu driven, GUI
What is utility software?
Some is designed to optimise and maintain a computer system (install, uninstall software, software updates, defragment a disk)
Or
Additional common tasks (virus check, backup, restore, file compression)
What are libraries?
A collection of pre compiled routines that can be used by other programs
Most OSs have hundreds
What is machine code?
The lowest level of instructions made up of pure binary
Hard for humans to write or understand
All instructions need to be converted to it
Opcode in first few bits
Operand in the rest of the bests
What is a translator?
It is used to translate code written in assembly language or high level code into machine code
Not a utility program
What are the three types of translators?
Assemblers
Compilers
Interpreters
What are assemblers?
Translate assembly language into machine code
What are compilers?
Translate high level language programs into machine/object code which can be saved and run whenever without a compiler
What are interpreters?
Translates high level languages into an intermediate from and then executes it
No object code is produced and it will usually scan through and find syntax errors
What are some examples of application software?
Word processors
Image editors
Email clients
Internet browsers
What are general purpose software packages?
Can be used for a range of generic tasks
Word processors
Graphics packages
Spreadsheet software
What are special purpose software packages?
Performs tasks for a single specific job
Media players
Calendar programs
Online payment systems
What is off the shelf software?
Readily available
Low cost
Well documented and well tested
However
Little control of features
May not do exactly what u want
What is bespoke software?
Created to fulfil your own expectations
Complete control over the process so can do exactly what u need
Can increase costs
Can take weeks, months or years
What is an API and what does it do?
It is an application programming interface and hides the true complexities of the operation
User gives a request
API sends this to OS
Operation is carried out and shown through API
What is memory management?
OS allocates memory to each process
And if there is not enough they are swapped out of memory and into virtual memory
What is processor scheduling?
OS controls which programs can send data to the processor to be processed
Instructions from multiple operations are queued
What is processor scheduling?
Operating system module responsible for ensuring that processor time is used as efficiently as possible