05 Area Navigation System Flashcards
ATTP RADIO
Which one of the following lists information given by a basic VOR/DME-based Area Navigation System when tracking inbound to a phantom waypoint?
Crosstrack distance; Distance to Go
………………………………
The basic RNAV will indicate cross track distance from the selected course inbound to or outbound from the phantom waypoint. The distance shown will always be the direct distance to the phantom waypoint.
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS) data relating to aircraft fuel flow parameters is stored in the:
performance database.
……………………………………
Data relating to aircraft fuel flow parameters is stored in the performance database.
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS), data relating to aircraft flight envelope computations is stored in the:
performance database
A pilot is flying between two waypoints defined by suitably located VOR/DMEs. Equipped with a simple 2D RNAV system, this pilot:
reads cross track error and the distance to go on CDI or HSI.
At reference. What is the manually selected heading?
260°(M)
What drift is being experienced?
8° Left
Which of the figures depicts an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) display in FULL VOR/ILS mode with an VOR frequency selected?
Figure 1
Whilst preparing for a descent ATC ask you to arrive at a specific point and at a specific time. What RNAV capability do you need to comply with such an instruction?
4D RNAV.
An aircraft equipped to operate to RNP 1 and better, should be able to:
compute and estimate its position error.
Which of the figures depicts an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) display in Expanded (EXP) VOR/ILS mode with an ILS frequency selected?
Figure 5
A 2-dimensional RNAV system has a capability in the:
horizontal plane.
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS), data relating to STARs and SIDs is stored in the:
navigation database
The Flight Management System (FMS) is organised in such a way that:
the navigation database is read only to the pilot.
Which one of the following inputs to an Area Navigation System (R-NAV) comes from an external, not on-board, system?
VOR/DME radial/distance
Basic RNAV requires a track-keeping accuracy of:
+/- 5NM or better for 95% of the flight time
Using the attached image:
An aircraft is tracking the 255° radial inbound to VOR X. With 15° Port Drift, which of the following indications will be correct when crossing the 121° radial from VOR Y?
(d)
Which of the following are output data from 4D-RNAV systems?
- Flight level and altitude.
- Radials from VOR/DME stations.
- GS and TAS.
- True wind and track errors.
3 & 4.
From which of the following combination of navigational sources provide enough information to the RNAV equipment to calculate the wind vector:
IRS and air data computer.
Under which of the following circumstances does a VOR/DME Area Navigation system switch to Dead Reckoning mode?
The system is receiving information from only one VOR
Which of the figures depicts an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) display in Expanded (EXP) VOR/ILS mode with a VOR frequency selected?
Figure 4
The navigational database of a Flight Management System (FMS):
contains additional space so that crew members can add their own waypoints.
Which of the following are input data from 4D-RNAV systems?
- DME distances from DME stations.
- Wind vectors.
- Radials from VOR stations.
- TAS and fuel flow.
1 & 3.
One of the benefits of RNAV is:
RNAV allows aircraft to take a more direct flight path without requiring to fly over ground based facilities.
What is the deviation per dot on the HSI when using an EFIS 2-dot RNAV system in the EN ROUTE (ENR) mode?
2 NM
A precision RNAV (PRNAV) system requires:
RNP 1
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS) data relating to aircraft speeds for long-range cruise, maximum endurance and holding are stored in the:
performance database.
A pilot enter a waypoint into the FMS RNAV system via the:
Control Display Unit.
The navigational function of the horizontal situation indicator (HSI) in relation to area navigation systems is:
the indication of the cross track distance (XTK).
Which navigation performance level is required by a Precision RNAV system?
RNP 1
Which of the figures depicts an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) display in MAP mode?
Figure 3
Which of the distances indicated will be shown on a basic VOR/DME-based Area Navigation Equipment when using a ‘Phantom Station’?
12 NM
Using the attached image:
What is the selected course shown on the EFIS Navigation Display?
015°
Which of the following lists information required to input a waypoint or ‘Phantom Station’ into a basic VOR/DME-based Area Navigation System?
Radial and distance from a VOR/DME to the waypoint or ‘Phantom Station’
In what piece of FMS equipment will the pilot enter the waypoint information for the route?
The Control Display Unit (CDU)
The FMS navigation data base usually contains: 1. airport reference data. 2. ATC frequencies. 3. Company routes. 4. Nav. Aid. frequencies. The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:
1, 3 and 4.
Which of the figures depicts an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) display in Expanded (EXP) VOR/ILS mode with an ILS frequency selected?
Figure 1
On modern passenger aircraft, the navigation data base usually contains:
airport reference data.
Using the attached image:
What is the heading bug selected to?
260°(M)
…………………………………..
The Flight Management Computer (FMC) position is:
the computed position based on a number of sources (IRS, Radio, ILS, GPS etc)
An aircraft bears 036°T from a VOR beacon. Its heading is 330°T and variation at the beacon and aircraft is 8°E. What OBS setting would centralise the CDI needle with a ‘TO’ flag showing?
208°
Which of the following data can be found in the navigation database? 1: SIDs and STARs. 2: radio aids. 3: optimum flight level. 4: company routes. 5: cruise speeds.
Only 1, 2 and 4.
Benefits of Area Navigation include:
- Shorter flight distance
- Reduction in fuel and flight time.
- No radio contact within RNAV airspace.
- Reduction in the number of ground tracking facilities.
- Pilot choice of vertical and horizontal separations.
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:
1, 2 and 4.
On some charts you can find the following abbreviations: ‘RNP AR APCH’. What does ‘AR’ mean?
Authorisation Required.
Which of the following input data is used by a simple VOR/DME - RNAV system?
Waypoint (phantom station), valid VOR/DME signal, desired course.
Apart from radials and distances from VOR/DME stations, what information is required by the VOR/DME Area Navigation computer in order to calculate the wind?
Heading from the aircraft compass system and true airspeed from the air data computer
By which of the following flight deck equipment are the waypoints inserted into an FMS RNAV-system by the pilot?
Control Display Unit.
……………………………
The interface between the pilot and the FMS/FMGS based RNAV is the control display unit (CDU).
Area Navigation is a method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the limits of the capability of self-contained systems. Which of the following systems is such a self-contained system?
Inertial Reference System.
Erratic indications may be experienced when flying towards a basic VOR/DME-based Area Navigation System ‘Phantom Station’:
when operating at low altitudes close to the limit of reception range from the reference station
Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) requires a track-keeping accuracy of:
± 1.0 NM for 95% of the flight time.
………………………………
Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) must perform to the RNP 1 standard, i.e. must be able to provide a position accurate to within 1 nm for 95% of the total flight time.
In relation to Area Navigation Systems (RNAV), which of the following is an Air Data input?
True airspeed
………………………
An air data input such as true airspeed is provided by the air data computer to the RNAV system.
Which of the following gives the best information about the progress of a flight between 2 en-route waypoints from a RNAV equipment?
ETO
………………………
ETO or estimated time overhead is also known as estimated time of arrival (ETA) although the latter will often refer to the final destination only.
Using the ETO as given by the RNAV and comparing it to the ETO on the operational flight plan (plog) is the best way of ascertaining the progress of the flight between two waypoints.
How does a VOR/DME Area Navigation system selects the DME-stations to be used for positioning?
The VOR/DME Area Navigation system has its own NAV tuner and the system itself tunes the DME stations providing the most accurate position.
ICAO Annex 11 defines Area Navigation (RNAV) as a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path:
within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these
Under EASA regulations colour code rules for EFIS displays, the recommended colour for the selected data and values is:
green.
On what data is a VOR/DME Area Navigation system operating in the dead reckoning mode?
TAS from the Air Data Computer; heading from the aircraft compass; the last computed W/V.
On a modern commercial aircraft, the FMS provides:
lateral and vertical navigation,, guidance and performance management.
A 3-dimensional RNAV system has capability in:
the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane.
Under CS-25 colour code rules for Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS), a selected heading (heading bug) is coloured:
Magenta
In order to enter a phantom waypoint that is designated by a VOR/DME simple RNAV system, the VOR/DME
does not have to be in range when entered but must be when used
Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) requires a track-keeping accuracy of:
1.0NM standard deviation or better.
IRS is a self-contained system because:
the system calculates the position of the aircraft without reference to externally generated (man-made) signals.
Which of the following Nav Aids will provide an RNAV system with position?
VOR/DME.
Which component of the B737-400 Electronic Flight Instrument System generates the visual displays on the EADI and EHSI?
Symbol Generator
Which of the following statements regarding B-RNAV is correct?
For 95% of the flight time, the track keeping accuracy must not exceed 5 NM.
To which performance does the RNP concept apply?
Navigation performance within an airspace.
A 2D RNAV system provides guidance in:
The horizontal plane
In an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) data relating primarily to navigation in the FMC is provided by:
Navigation radios, GPS, Inertial Reference Systems
The inputs of information used to achieve the RNAV required accuracy may be: 1. NDB 2. IRS 3. VOR/DME 4. G.N.S.S. The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:
2, 3 and 4.
The navigation computer of the simple 2D-RNAV system computes the navigational problems by:
simple sine and cosine mathematics, solving the triangular problems.
In order to give the flight crew control of the required lateral guidance functions the RNAV equipment should be able to perform several functions. Which of the following functions is not such a function?
Automatic control of the aircraft speed in order to reach a waypoint at a specified time (timing function).
When entering and using a phantom waypoint in area navigation equipment:
you don’t need to be within range of the referenced station to enter the waypoint, but you must be to use it.
A basic RNAV (B-RNAV) system requires:
RNP 5.
In order to give the flight crew control of the required lateral guidance functions the RNAV equipment should be able to perform several functions. Which of the following functions is not such a function?
Execute a modified flight plan without any positive action by the flight crew.
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS), data relating to V1, VR and V2 speeds is stored in the:
performance database
What wind velocity is indicated?
105°(M)/20KT
In order to give the flight crew control of the required lateral guidance functions the RNAV equipment should be able to perform several functions. Which of the following functions is not such a function?
Extract/retract flaps corresponding to speed and altitude.
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS), data relating to cruising speeds is stored in the:
Performance database
…………………………………………
Aircraft performance data such as optimum cruise speeds, optimum altitude, climb and descent profiles etc. is stored in the performance database of the FMC/FMGC.
The Geodetic Reference System used to define latitude and longitude by GPS equipment is?
WGS 84.
Which of the following combinations is likely to result in the most accurate Area Navigation (RNAV) fixes?
DME/DME
…………………………………
The most accurate navigation system will give the most accurate position fix, i.e. DME is most accurate and a DME/DME fix will be the most accurate.
The Flight Management System (FMS) is organised in such a way that the pilot can:
insert navigation data between two database updates
Which component of an Area Navigation System displays the Cross Track Distance?
Navigation display.
………………………………………
The RNAV system use a standard OBI or HSI type display to show cross track distance as it is using the deviation bar to indicate. If the aircraft is equipped with EFIS the cross track distance will be shown on the navigation display (ND).
In which screen modes of an Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI) on a B737-400 will radar returns not be shown?
FULL NAV, FULL VOR/ILS and PLAN
…………………………………………….
For the B737-400 weather radar information cannot be shown in any full rose mode (FULL VOR/ILS and FULL NAV). For most aircraft weather radar information cannot be shown in PLAN mode as the direction of the screen picture is not necessarily the direction of the aircraft (North is up on the screen)
Which factor makes the difference between a 3D-RNAV system and a 4D-RNAV system?
Time.
Which navigation performance level is required by a Basic RNAV system?
RNP 5.
Which of the following is one of the functions of the Course-Line-Computer in a basic RNAV system?
It transfers the information given by a VOR/DME station into tracking and distance indications to any chosen Phantom Station/waypoint.
Concerning FMC databases:
the navigation database may be customized for the specific airline operations.
Which of the following are output data from 4D-RNAV systems?
- Distance to any waypoint.
- Wind vectors.
- Radials to VOR stations.
- Altitudes and TAS.
1 & 2.
Where does the navigation computer gain information about the wind direction and velocity?
Wind information is derived by the flight management computer (FMC) from heading, drift, true air speed and ground speed inputs.
A fix obtained by rho-rho navigation is based on information from two:
DMEs
What is true about the FMC databases:
the data includes SIDs, STARS and runway approaches.
What is the cross track deviation (XTK) indicated on an RNAV system?
The distance between the actual position and the great circle track between two active waypoints.
The IRS is a self-contained system because:
it operates independently of navigational aids outside the aircraft.
The diagram indicates that the aircraft is to the:
right of the localizer and below the glidepath
Which statement about RNAV routes is correct?
A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path.
In order to give the flight crew control of the required lateral guidance functions the RNAV equipment should be able to perform several functions. Which of the following functions is such a function?
All of the answers are correct.
The track-line on the Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI) or Navigation Display of an Electronic Flight Instrument System:
represents the track of the aircraft over the ground. When it coincides with the desired track, wind influence is compensated for
In a 2D RNAV system you have entered the DME and VOR data for two waypoints. What do you use to work out the cross track errors when en-route from one to the other?
Use the automatically computed values on the CDI/HSI.
Kalman filtering is used within:
Navigation computer.
Using the attached image: Referring to the CDI display shown at the annex, what would be the correct action to regain the glidepath and centreline?
Fly left and decrease descent rate.
The Control and Display Unit (CDU) on an FMS is:
used by the crew to input data into FMC.
……………………………
The control display unit (CDU) is, among other things, the interface between the pilot and the FMC, thus used to input and read data from the FMC.
How does the Electronic Flight Instrument System display of a B737-400 respond to the failure of a VHF navigation (VOR) receiver?
It removes the associated magenta deviation bar and/or pointer from the display
What is cross track distance (XTK-distance) in an Area Navigation System?
Distance between actual position and great circle track between active waypoints.
Which of the following lists all the stages of flight when it is possible to change the route in the active flight plan on an FMS equipped aircraft?
At any time before take-off and throughout the flight
The ‘O’ followed by the letters ‘KABC’ indicate:
an off-route airport
………………………………..
The circles are airports not used in the flight plan (destination/alternate).
The stars are waypoints, the triangle a VOR and the triangular shapes with the boxed corners, VORTACs.
A phantom station (as used in a 2D RNAV-system) is
A waypoint defined by a radial and a DME-distance from a VOR/DME-station.
……………………………
A phantom station is the term used for a waypoint used by a basic RNAV receiver by which the position is determined by the radial from a VOR and the distance from the VOR given by a co-located DME facility.
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS) data relating to aircraft engine-thrust characteristics are stored in the:
performance database.
In order to give the flight crew control of the required lateral guidance functions, the RNAV equipment should be able to perform several functions. Which of the following functions is not such a function?
Provide guidance to another selected flight level.
Which component of the B737-400 Flight Management System (FMS) is used to enter flight plan routeing and performance parameters?
Multi-Function Control Display Unit
Which of the distances indicated will be shown on a basic VOR/DME-based Area Navigation Equipment when using a ‘Phantom Station’ at position ‘X’?
9 NM
Under which of the following circumstances does a VOR/DME Area Navigation system switch to Dead Reckoning mode?
VOR/DME Area Navigation computer is receiving neither radial nor distance data information from VOR/DME stations.
3D RNAV fixing gives you:
Horizontal and vertical profile guidance
………………………………………
3D RNAV provides horizontal and vertical guidance.
2D RNAV provides horizontal guidance only.
4D RNAV provides horizontal and vertical vertical guidance and a timing function.
Under CS-25 colour code rules for Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS), selected data such as engaged autopilot modes are coloured:
Green
Output from which of the following combination of navigational sources provide enough information to the RNAV-equipment to calculate the wind vector?
Inertial Reference System and Air Data Computer.
……………………………..
The following information is required in order to calculate the wind direction and speed (W/V):
- Heading
- Track
- TAS
- Groundspeed
External sources in the aircraft providing the RNAV system with the necessary data are the inertial reference system (IRS) providing heading information and the air data computer providing TAS.
RNP1 (Required Navigation Performance) requires a navigation performance of:
+/- 1 NM both lateral and longitudinal 95% of the flight time.
A 3-D RNAV system has capability in:
a horizontal plane and the vertical plane.
In order to give the flight crew control of the required lateral guidance functions the RNAV equipment should be able to perform several functions. Which of the following functions is such a function?
Selection or entering of the required flight plan through the Control and Display Unit (CDU).
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS), data relating to flight plans is stored in the:
navigation database
A FMS with only a multiple DME sensor operating shall have a position error, 95% probability, in a non precision approach equal or less than:
0.3 NM.
The RNAV computer receives TAS and heading input in order to:
calculate the actual wind velocity.
What is the value of the track from TBX to YTB?
097°(T)
Which of the following are stored in the navigation database of the Flight Management System (FMS)?
1 - waypoints, 2 – details of radio navigation aids, 3 - optimum altitudes, 4 - company routes, 5 - landing reference speeds.
1, 2, 4.
What is the instantaneous aircraft track?
272°(M)
Under CS-25 colour code rules for Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS), turbulence is coloured:
White or Magenta
In the Flight Management Computer (FMC) of the Flight Management System (FMS), data relating to waypoints is stored in the:
navigation database
