05/21/2024 Readings

Question 1

Number or Category

Answer 1

Value

Question 2

Condition of characteristic that can have different values (Stress level, age, gender, religion)

Answer 2

Variable

Question 3

A particular person’s value on a variable

Answer 3

Score

Question 4

Variable whose values are numbers (as opposed to a nominal variable); also called a quantitative variable

Answer 4

Numeric Variable

Question 5

variable in which the numbers stand for approximately equal amounts of what is being measured (GPA)

Answer 5

Equal-Interval Variable

Question 6

An equal interval variable is measured on a ratio scale if it has an absolute zero point, meaning that the value of zero on the variable indicates a complete absence of the variable

Answer 6

Ratio Scale

Question 7

a variable in which the numbers stand only for relative ranking (students standing in class)

Answer 7

Rank-Order Variable

Question 8

a variable with values that are categories (that is they are names rather than numbers); categorical variable

Answer 8

Nominal Variable

Question 9

Types of underlying numerical information provided by a measure such as equal-interval, rank-order- and nominal (categorical)

Answer 9

Levels of Measurement

Question 10

Variable that has specific values and that cannot have values between these specific values

Answer 10

Discrete Variable

Question 11

Variable for which in theory there are an infinite number of values between any two values

Answer 11

Continuous Variable

Question 12

Ordered listing of number of individuals having each of the different values for a particular variable

Answer 12

Frequency Table

Question 13

Range of values in a grouped frequency table that are grouped together (If the ___ size is 10, one of the ____ might be from 10 to 19)

Answer 13

Interval

Question 14

Frequency table in which the number of individuals (frequency) is given for each interval of values

Answer 14

Grouped Frequency Table

Question 15

Bar-like graph of a frequency distribution in which the values are plotted along the horizontal axis and the height of each bar is the frequency of that value;

Answer 15

Histogram

Question 16

Pattern of frequencies over the various values; what a frequency table, histogram, or frequency polygon describes

Answer 16

Frequency Distribution

Question 17

Frequency Distribution with one value clearly having a larger frequency than any other

Answer 17

Unimodal Distribution

Question 18

Frequency distribution with two approximately equal frequencies, each clearly larger than any of the others.

Answer 18

Bimodal Distribution

Question 19

Frequency distribution with two or more high frequencies separated by a lower frequency; a bimodal distribution is the special case of two high frequencies.

Answer 19

Multimodal Distribution

Question 20

Frequency distribution in which all values have approximately the same frequency

Answer 20

Rectangular Distribution

Question 21

Distribution in which the pattern of frequencies on the left and right side are mirror images of each other

Answer 21

Symmetrical Distribution

Question 22

Distribution in which the scores pile up on one side of the middle and are spread out on the other side; distribution that is not symmetrical

Answer 22

Skewed Distribution

Question 23

Situation in which many scores pile up at the lowest end of a distribution (creating skewness to the right) because it is not possible to have any lower score

Answer 23

Floor Effect

Question 24

situation in which many scores pile up at the high end of a distribution (creating skewness to the left) because it is not possible to have a higher score.

Answer 24

Ceiling Effect

Question 25

specific, mathematically defined, bell-shaped frequency distribution that is symmetrical and unimodal; distributions observed in nature and in research commonly approximate it.

Answer 25

Normal Curve

Question 26

extent to which a frequency distribution deviates from a normal curve in terms of whether its curve in the middle is more peaked or flat than the normal curve.

Answer 26

Kurtosis

Question 27

Typical or most representative value of a group of scores

Answer 27

Central Tendency

Question 28

Arithmetic average of a group of scores

Answer 28

Mean

Question 29

Value with the greatest frequency in a distribution

Answer 29

Mode

Question 30

middle score when all the scores in a distribution are arranged from lowest to highest

Answer 30

Median

Question 31

Score with an extreme value (very high or very low) in relation to the other scores in the distribution

Answer 31

Outlier

Question 32

Measure of how spread out a set of scores are; average of the squared deviations from the mean

Answer 32

Variance

Question 33

Score minus the mean

Answer 33

Deviation Score

Question 34

square of the difference between a score and the mean

Answer 34

Squared Deviation Score

Question 35

total of each score’s squared difference from the mean

Answer 35

Sum of Squared Deviations

Question 36

square root of the average of the squared deviations from the mean; the most common descriptive statistic for variation; approximately the average amount that scores in a distribution vary from the mean

Answer 36

Standard Deviation

Question 37

sum of squared deviations (variance formula)

Answer 37

summation (X-M)^2; SS/N