04 Volcano and Other Related Geological Hazard

Question 1

(Volcanic phenomena)

are stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or fissure

Answer 1

Lava Flow

Question 2

(Volcanic Phenomena)

are showers of airborne fine- to course-grained volcanic particles that fallout from the plumes of a volcanic eruption;

Answer 2

Ash fall or tephra fall

Question 3

(Volcanic phenomena)

Are turbulent masses of ejected fragment volcanic materials

Answer 3

Pyroclastic flows and surges

Question 4

(Volcanic phenomena)

Are rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments

Answer 4

Lahars

Question 5

(Volcanic phenomena)

Are volcanic materials directly ejected from the volcano‘s vent with force and trajectory

Answer 5

Ballistic projectiles

Question 6

(Volcanic phenomena)

Gases and aerosols released into the atmosphere.

Answer 6

volcanic gases

Question 7

(Volcanic phenomena)

sea waves or wave trains that are generated by sudden displacement of water

Answer 7

Tsunami

Question 8

(Volcanic phenomena)

Massive collapse of a volcano, usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption

Answer 8

Debris avalanche or volcanic landslide

Question 9

(Signs of an impending volcanic eruption)

refers to the surface changes on a volcano

Answer 9

Ground deformation

Question 10

(Signs of an impending Volcanic eruption)

from earthquake to swams of earthquakes

Answer 10

Seismic Activity

Question 11

(Signs of an impending volcanic eruption)

type and rate of emission.

Answer 11

Gases

Question 12

(Signs of an impending volcanic eruption)

type and rate of emission.

Answer 12

Gases

Question 13

(Sign of an impending volcanic eruption)

People living near volcanoes may observe premonitory events before an eruption

Answer 13

Visual observation

Question 14

(Signs of an impending volcanic eruption)

Other sensory observations

Answer 14

Auditory observations - hear numbing sound
Olfactory - Smell of sulful
Feel (tactile) - Ground movement/ volcanic earthquake increasingly become felt

Question 15

is also known as a “wallet sink hole” and is a natural hole on the earth’s surface

Answer 15

Sinkhole

Question 16

What is a sinkhole?

Answer 16

A sinkhole is a depression in the ground that has no natural external surface drainage

Question 17

(Different types and severities)

Sinkholes can be characterized into three types:

Answer 17

-Solution sinkholes are common in areas where there is very thin soil cover.
- Cover collapse sinkholes develop abruptly (over a period of hours) and cause catastrophic damages.
- Cover subsidence sinkholes are formed over a long time