04 GENE FREQUENCIES Flashcards
The study of how gene and genotypic frequencies change and thus change genetic merit in a population.
Population Genetics
The proportion of loci in a population that contain a particular allele.
Gene/Allele Frequency
The frequency with which a particular genotype occurs in a population.
Genotypic Frequency
The proportion of individuals in a population that express a particular phenotype.
Phenotypic Frequency
Changes in the chemical compositions of a gene that alter DNA. This causes the production of new alleles that can affect gene and genotypic frequencies.
Mutation
This is a change in gene frequency due to chance that cannot be controlled in direction but can be controlled in amount by the size of the population.
Genetic Drift
The process of bringing new breeding stock into a population. It can be performed on a herd, a breed, or on industry-wide basis.
Migration
The process of allowing some animals to be parents more than others. It can be expended to include how many offspring each animal is allowed to produce and how long that animal stays in the breeding population.
Selection
It is based on the fact that some animals are more suited and/or have more natural opportunity to be parents than are others.
Natural Selection
It is controlled by the herd manager. It is based on management decisions to allow certain animals more opportunity to mate and produce offspring than others.
Artificial Selection
Total of all individuals in a breed, species or other groupings or as those individuals that inhabit a particular area.
Population
The set of genetic information carried by all interbreeding members of a population.
Gene Pool
The proportion of each alleles are called.
Gene Frequencies
It occurs when the choice of a mating partner is independent of the genotype or phenotype for that trait.
Random Mating
It is a mathematical model used to calculate the gene frequencies in real population that goes through one generation of random mating.
Hardy-Weinberg Law
