04 EMCI John Swales: economy and finance Flashcards

Grasp the basics of economics.

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1
Q

Evropský měnový fond

A

EMF

European Monetary Fund

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2
Q

rozpočtová kázeň

fiskální disciplína

A

fiscal discipline

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3
Q

schodek veřejných financí

A

public finance deficit

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4
Q

Pakt stability a růstu

A

SGP

Stability and Growth Pact

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5
Q

makroekonomické nerovnováhy

“bubliny”

A

macroeconomic imbalances

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6
Q

rozpočtový pakt

A

fiscal compact

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7
Q

zajištění

pojištění bank

A

reinsurance

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8
Q

HDP
hrubý domácí produkt
+ co?

A

GDP
gross domestic product
= finální celková peněžní hodnota statků a služeb vytvořená za dané období na určitém území
= klíčový ukazatel vývoje národního hospodářství, měří výkonnost ekonomiky

Nominal GDP per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is arguably more useful when comparing differences in living standards between different nations.

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9
Q

HNP
hrubý národní produkt
+ co?

A

GNP
gross national product
= celková peněžní hodnota statků a služeb vytvořená za dané období občany daného státu (jak na území tohoto státu, tak v cizině)

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10
Q

3 ways of measuring GDP

A
1. production approach
    produkční metoda
2. income approach
    důchodová m.
3. expenditure approach
    výdajová m. GDP = C+I+G+X
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11
Q

3 hospodářské sektory

A

Economic sectors: (ČR in %)

  1. primary: raw materials, agriculture (3 %)
  2. secondary: manufacturing (industry) (38 %) - 1. in the EU
  3. terciary: services (60 %)
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12
Q

strojírenství

A

manufacturing

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13
Q

Components of GDP by expenditure

A

Y = C + I + G + X

GDP (Y) is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G) and net exports (exports - imports) (X).

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14
Q

C
spotřeba
výdaje domácností na spotřebu

A

C
(household) consumption
the largest component

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15
Q

I
hrubé investice
soukromé hrubé domácí investice

A

I

(business) investment

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16
Q

G
veřejné výdaje
výdaje státu na nákup výrobků a služeb

A

G
government spending/expenditure
(includes salaries of public servants, purchases of weapons for the military, but NOT social security or unemployment benefits)

17
Q

X - M
čistý vývoz
tj. export mínus import

A

X - M
net export
exports - imports

18
Q

Důchodová metoda měření HDP

A

Income approach to measure GDP
-> sometimes: gross domestic income (GDI)

This method measures GDP by adding incomes that firms pay households for factors of production they hire - wages for labour, interest for capital, rent for land and profits for entrepreneurship.

19
Q

výrobní faktory

A

Factors of production:

  1. land - půda
  2. labour - pracovní síla
  3. capital - kapitál
20
Q

výdělek posílaný rodině do zahraničí

A

remittance

21
Q

parita kupní síly

A

PPP

purchasing power parity

22
Q

HDP na obyvatele v paritě kupní síly

A

GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP)

23
Q

nedostatek prac. síly

A

labour shortage

24
Q

úroková sazba

A

interest rate

25
Q

fiskální politika

A

fiscal policy

26
Q

životní úroveň

A

life standards

27
Q

obchodní prostředí

A

business climate

b. environment

28
Q

státní správa

A

state administration

29
Q

místní samospráva

A

local authorities

regional a.

30
Q

úvěr

A

credit

31
Q

úrok

A

interest

32
Q

alimenty

A
child maintenance (BE)
child alimony (AE)
33
Q

složky HDP

A

components of GDP

34
Q

volná pracovní místa

A

vacancies

35
Q

kvalifikovaný pracovaník

A

skilled worker

36
Q

John Keynes (EN)

A

37
Q

Friedrich Hayek (RAK)

A