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General Histology and Embryology > 04 EMBRYOLOGY > Flashcards

04 EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

It’s the branch of medicine concerned with the study of embryos and their development.

A

Embryology

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2
Q

The process of growth and development within the womb, in which a single-cell zygote becomes an embryo, a fetus, and then a baby.

A

Prenatal Development

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3
Q

This ____________ period happens at the 1st week

A

Preimplantation

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4
Q

The _________________ extends from the beginning of the 2nd week to 8th week; at this time the developing life is known as an embryo. This is also the most critical time in development.

A

Embryonic Period

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5
Q

The _________ begins with 9th week and lasts until birth.

A

Fetal Phase

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6
Q

This occurs when the sperm penetrates and fertilizes the ovum

A

Fertilization

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7
Q

What do you call a fertilized egg?

A

Zygote

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8
Q

Birth occurs, on average, ____weeks after conception, or ____weeks after the beginning of the last menstrual period (LMP)

A

38-40 weeks

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9
Q

Fetal development is divided into ________________.

A

three trimesters of 3 months each

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10
Q

The fertilized egg undergoes a series of rapid divisions that leads to the formation of a ball of cells called the _______________.

A

Morula

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11
Q

The fertilized egg undergoes a ___________________________that leads to the formation of a ball of cells called the morula.

A

series of rapid divisions

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12
Q

Mitotic cleavages

A

Blastomeres

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13
Q

Fluid seeps into the morula, and its cells realign themselves to form a fluid-filled hollow ball, the _____________.

A

Blastocyst

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14
Q

As the cells multiply, the blastocyst will arrange themselves into two groups, separating into two distinctive masses:

A

the outer cells will eventually become the placenta, while the inner cells form the embryo.

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15
Q

The blastocyst is made up of three layers, each of which develops into different structures in the body.

A

Ectoderm: Skin and nervous system

Endoderm: Digestive and respiratory systems

Mesoderm: Muscle and skeletal systems

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16
Q

_______________ are cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provides nutrients to the embryo, and develops into a large part of the placenta.

A

Trophoblast

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17
Q

The blastocyst is the early stages of the prenatal development, consisting of an outer cell layer called the _______________and the inner cell mass at one side of the blastocyst called the ______________________.

A

trophoblast; embryoblast

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18
Q

It is also used for implantation.

A

Trophoblast

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19
Q

It is the mass of cells inside the blastocyst that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus.

A

Embryoblast

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20
Q

______________occurs when the cells nestle into the uterine lining and rupture tiny blood vessels.

A

Implantation

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21
Q

T or F: Implantation is always an automatic and sure-fire process.

A

FALSE

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22
Q

____________ is a process of conversion/differentiation of embryoblast into two-layered disk.

A

Gastrulation

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22
Q

T or F: When implantation is successful, hormonal changes halt the normal menstrual cycle and cause a whole host of physical changes.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

The _____________ is a “uniquely thickened portion” of the endoderm that is in contact with ectoderm immediately rostral to the cephalic tip of the notochord.

A

Prochordal Plate

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24
Q

The floor of the amniotic cavity is formed by ectoderm, and within it a structure called the ___________ develops along the midline.

A

Primitive Streak

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25
Q

The rostral end of the streak finishes in a small depression called the _____________

A

Primitive node, or pit.

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26
Q

Primitive Streak forms:

A

 Embryonic Ectoderm
 Intraembryonic mesoderm
 Endoderm

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27
Q

Primitive Streak differentiates:

A

Craniocaudal axis of embryo
Cranial & Caudal Ends
Dorsal and Ventral Surface
Right and Left side

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28
Q

_____is first mesodermal tissue to form.

A

Notochord

29
Q

During the third week of development the bilaminar embryonic disk is converted to _______________________________________.

A

A trilaminar disk; endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm.

29
Q

It forms the epithelium that covers the body and gives rise to cell in the nervous system.

A

Ectoderm

30
Q

It forms the connective tissue and soft tissues such as bone, muscles and fats

A

Mesoderm

31
Q

It forms the gastrointestinal tract and associated structures involved in digestion.

A

Endoderm

32
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Epidermis of skin and its derivatives (including sweat glands, hair follicles)

A

Ectoderm

33
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Cornea and lens of eye

A

Ectoderm

33
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Epithelial lining of mouth and anus

A

Ectoderm

34
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Nervous system

A

Ectoderm

35
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Sensory receptors in epidermis

A

Ectoderm

36
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Adrenal medulla

A

Ectoderm

37
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Notochord

A

Mesoderm

38
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Muscular system

A

Mesoderm

39
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Skeletal system

A

Mesoderm

39
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Excretory system

A

Mesoderm

40
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Muscular layer of stomach and intestine

A

Mesoderm

41
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM: Circulatory and lymphatic systems

A

Mesoderm

42
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Reproductive system (except germ cells)

A

Mesoderm

43
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Dermis of skin

A

Mesoderm

44
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Lining of body cavity

A

Mesoderm

45
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Adrenal cortex

A

Mesoderm

46
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Epithelium of pineal and
pituitary glands

A

Ectoderm

47
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Tooth enamel

A

Ectoderm

48
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Epithelial lining of digestive tract

A

Endoderm

49
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Epithelial lining of respiratory system

A

Endoderm

50
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Lining of urethra, urinary bladder, and reproductive system

A

Endoderm

51
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Liver

A

Endoderm

52
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Pancreas

A

Endoderm

53
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Thymus

A

Endoderm

54
Q

ENDODERM/MESODERM/ECTODERM:
Thyroid and parathyroid
glands

A

Endoderm

55
Q

Cells of the ectodermal layer divide at the node and migrate between the ectoderm and endoderm to form a solid column that pushes forward in the midline as far as the prochordal plate. Through canalization of this cord of cells, the ______________is formed to support the primitive embryo.

A

Notochord

56
Q

The cells that accumulate anterior to the prochordal plate as a result of this migration give rise to the _____________.

A

Cardiac Plate

57
Q

During primary neurulation, the original ectoderm is divided into three sets of cells:

A

(1) the internally positioned neural tube, which will form the brain and spinal cord,
(2) the externally positioned epidermis of the skin, and
(3) the neural crest cells.

58
Q

The neural folds eventually fuse so that a __________________ separates from ectoderm to form the floor of the amniotic cavity, with mesoderm intervening.

A

Neural Tube

59
Q

The __________ forms the early brain and spine.

A

Neural Tube

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General Histology and Embryology (9 decks)

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