03a: Stroke Flashcards
TIA is defined by time frame of under:
24 hours
List the 5 major modifiable risk factors for stroke.
- A-fib (4-10x)
- HT (3-5x)
- Smoking (2x)
- Diabetes (2x)
- Hyperlipidemia/obesity (1.5x)
T/F: Majority of strokes are hemorrhagic.
False - ischemic (85%)
T/F: Majority of ischemic strokes are thrombotic.
True - 40%
What are examples of hemorrhagic stroke etiologies?
Subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhages
Which structures tend to be affected by small vessel (lacunar) strokes?
Subcortical structures:
- Internal capsule
- Basal ganglia
- Pons
- Thalamus
(X)% of ischemic strokes are cardio-embolic in origin.
X = 25
Medial and basal temporal cortex supplied by (X) a.
X = posterior cerebral
T/F: Lateral surface of all cortical lobes are supplied by MCA.
False - occipital lobe lateral surface by PCA
(Ipsi/contra)-lateral weakness of face/upper limb seen in (upper/lower) MCA infarction.
Contralateral;
Upper
Visual field defect seen in (upper/lower) MCA infarction.
Lower
“Locked in” syndrome is a result of (X) infarction and impairs which tracts?
X = bilateral basal pons
Corticospinal and corticobulbar
“Locked in” syndrome differs from basilar a occlusion in that (X) symptoms are (present/absent).
X = oculomotor and reticular activating system deficits
Absent
Complete (pupil-involved) CN III palsy should be attributed to (X) until proven otherwise!
X = PCOM aneurysm! (compression)
Incomplete (pupil-spared) CN III palsy should be attributed to (X) until proven otherwise!
X = PCOM aneurysm! (compression)
Weber test: if sound is perceived to be louder in R ear than in the L ear, then this means…
EITHER:
Conductive hearing loss in R ear OR sensorineural hearing loss in L ear
Retrocochlear hearing loss typically involves defect in:
CN VIII (somewhere between inner ear and brain)
What is Presbycusis?
sensorineural hearing loss that occurs with aging
(X) is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of a corresponding external sound.
X = tinnitus
Patient has nystagmus where eyes have quick phase/beat to left, then slow reset toward right. This is (R/L) nystagmus.
L (defined by quick phase)
Moderate to severe virtigo is classically associated with (central/peripheral) cause of dizziness such as dysfunction in:
Peripheral
Labyrinth/vestibular n
Continuous (as opposed to recurrent) nystagmus is classically associated with (central/peripheral) cause of dizziness such as dysfunction in:
Central
Cerebellum/brain stem
85% of cases of peripheral vestibular dysfunction are attributed to which 3 disorders?
- BPPV (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
- Labrynthitis
- Meniere’s disease