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equine-12-oncology > 03 - tumors of endocrine and hemolymphatic system > Flashcards

03 - tumors of endocrine and hemolymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

1-4. what are the four anatomic forms?

  1. which of these forms is the most common?
A
  1. generalized
  2. alimentary
  3. mediastinal
  4. cutaneous or extranodal

(forms often overlap in clinical situation)

  1. generalized or multicentric

(involves peripheral and internal LN and organs - often has circulating neoplastic lymphocytes)

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2
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

  1. what form is acute with rapid deterioration?
  2. Cx?
A
  1. alimentary form
  2. wt loss, colic, diarrhea, ventral edema, fever
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3
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

(mediastinal form)

  1. affects mediastinal LN and causes compression of what?
  2. more common in young or adult horses?
  3. Cx?
A
  1. intrathoracic structures
  2. adult
  3. cough, pleural effusion, tachycardia/pnea

(pleural effusion may show neoplastic cells on cyto)

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4
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

  1. which form has paraneoplastic sign of hypercalcemia?
A
  1. mediastinal
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5
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

(extranodal form)

  1. can occur as cutaenous lesions or lesions involving what trhee structures?
A
  1. eyes, upper resp tract, or CNS
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6
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

  1. sex or breed disposition?
  2. reported in horses of all ages - which most common?
A
  1. no
  2. 5-10+ years
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7
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

(Dx)

  1. made on the basis of what?
  2. hematology variable - but what has been reported?
  3. normal reactive lymphocytes may be hard to distinguish from neoplastic cells
A
  1. bx of enlarged LN or affected organ
  2. hypercalcemia
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8
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

(tx)

  1. what may be responsive to sx excision, local and systemic administration of steroids, immunomodulators, and oral progesterones?
  2. intestinal lymphosarc can be sx excised depending on what?
  3. what can be used for systemic disase?
A
  1. local cutaneous form
  2. location and extent
  3. cytotoxic drugs, immunomodulators, and corticosteroids
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9
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(lymphoma-lymphosarcoma)

(prog)

  1. prog for survival?
A
  1. poor to grave

(local form (intestinal or cutaneous) that can be treated with sx yield the best prog)

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10
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(thyroid tumors)

  1. what three types can occur?
  2. 2 main ddx?
  3. what are by far the most common type of tumor?
  4. very rare mets, usually unilateral
A
  1. adenomas, adenocarcinomas, medullary carcinomas
  2. benign goiter or cysts
  3. adenomas
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11
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(thyroid tumors)

(signalment)

  1. age?
  2. lightbreeds or draft breeds more affected?
A
  1. older horses
  2. lightbreeds
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12
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(thyroid tumors)

  1. Cx in non-productive?
  2. Cx if productive?
A
  1. may be only unilateral, palpable swelling

can be large enough to cause trahceal deviation and resp difficulty or interfere with swallowing

  1. hypo or hyperthyroidism
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13
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(thyroid tumors)

(tx)

  1. only warranted when?
  2. what is curative?
  3. why aren’t paratyhroids not a concern?
A
  1. tumor is productive or interfering with normal fxn
  2. surgical excision
  3. not connected to thyroids in horses
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14
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(thyroid tumors)

  1. is supplementation req after sx?
A
  1. no - excision is unilateral so postop thyroid fxn is usually fine
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15
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(adrenal glands)

  1. rare
  2. what have been reported in older horses with no breed or sex predilection?

cx?

A
  1. functional pheochromocytomas

sweating, anxiety, tachycardia, tachypnea

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16
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(adrenal glands)

  1. dx often through exclusion and typical presentation

(azotemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia)

A
17
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(adrenal glands)

  1. why is tx usually not recommended?
A
  1. sx excision very difficult
18
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(myeloid leukemias)

  1. rare
  2. characterized by proliferation of bone marrow derived blood cell line causing loss of normal blood components
  3. prog for life?
A
  1. exteremely poor
19
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(myeloid leukemias)

  1. invasion of bone marrow has also been reported by mets from other tumors - like what kind?
A
  1. plasma cell myelomas

can be solitary extramedullary tumor or in the bone marrow (multiple myeloma)

20
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(spleen)

  1. how often site of primary tumor?
A
  1. very rarely - usually mets from others
21
Q

(tumors of the endocrine and hemolymphatic system)

(liver)

  1. how common are primary tumors?
  2. Cx relate to what?
  3. dx?
A
  1. rare

can be site of mets from others

  1. liver dysfx
  2. US, fx testing, bx

equine-12-oncology (6 decks)

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