03 Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Difference
Transcription and Translation

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 1

Prokaryotic:
Occurs simultaneously in cytoplasm

Eukaryotic:
Transcription occurs in nucleus
Translation occurs in cytoplasm

Question 2

Similarities

Answer 2

DNA
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

Question 3

Difference
Size

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 3

Prokaryotic:
0.1 - 5.0 μm

Eukaryotic:
10 - 100 μm

Question 4

Difference
Cell Division

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 4

Prokaryotic:
Binary fission

Eukaryotic:
Mitosis / Meiosis

Question 5

Difference
Ribosome size

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 5

Prokaryotic:
70 S: 50 S, 30 S (smaller)

Eukaryotic:
80 S: 60 S, 40 S (larger)

Question 6

Difference
Plasma membrane components

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 6

Prokaryotic:
NO Carbohydrates

Eukaryotic:
With more complex carbohydrates

Question 7

Difference
Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 7

Prokaryotic:
NOT bound by any membrane

Eukaryotic:
Bound by membrane

Question 8

Difference
Cell type

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 8

Prokaryotic:
Usually unicellular
(some cyanobacteria may be multicellular)

Eukaryotic:
Usually multicellular

Question 9

Difference
Protective layers

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 9

Prokaryotic:
Capsule, cell wall, cell membrane

Eukaryotic:
Cell wall, cell membrane (animal cells), cell
membrane (plant cells)

Question 10

Difference
Energy production site

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 10

Prokaryotic:
Electron transport chain (ETC) located in the cell membrane

Eukaryotic:
Within membrane bound mitochondria

Question 11

Difference
Metabolic mechanism

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 11

Prokaryotic:
Wide variation

Eukaryotic:
Glycolysis, Electron transport chain (ETC), Krebs cycle

Question 12

Difference
DNA Replication

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 12

Prokaryotic:
Occurs in cytoplasm

Eukaryotic:
Occurs in the nucleus

Question 13

Difference
Genome nature

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 13

Prokaryotic:
Efficient and compact with little repetitive DNA

Eukaryotic:
With large amounts of non-coding repetitive DNA

Question 14

Difference
Respiration

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 14

Prokaryotic:
Via cytoplasmic membrane

Eukaryotic:
Via mitochondria

Question 15

Difference
Movement

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 15

Prokaryotic:
Simple flagellum, if present

Eukaryotic:
Complex flagellum, if present

Question 16

Difference
Nucleus location

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 16

Prokaryotic:
Free in the cytoplasm, attached to mesosomes

Eukaryotic:
Contained in membrane bound structure

Question 17

Difference
Chromosome

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 17

Prokaryotic:
Single circular without histones

Eukaryotic:
Multiple linear with histones

Question 18

Difference
Gene expression

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 18

Prokaryotic:
Expressed in groups called operons

Eukaryotic:
Expressed individually

Question 19

Difference
Genome

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 19

Prokaryotic:
DNA haploid genome

Eukaryotic:
DNA diploid genome

Question 20

Difference
Complexity

Prokaryotic:
Eukaryotic:

Answer 20

Prokaryotic:
Simple

Eukaryotic:
Complex organization