03 - infectious diseases

Question 1

(resp - infectious dz)

(gram - bacteremia w/ pneumonia - septic foals)

1. foals at what age?
2. risk factors: prematurity, gestational age > 365 days, failure of passive transfer

maternal factors (neonatal isoerythrolysis, unsanitary foaling environment, adverse climatic conditions)

3. caused by: E coli, actinobacillus, klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas, salmonella
4. what % are mixed infections?
5. most common site of entry?

Answer 1

1. younger than 1 week
2. 50%
3. gut

Question 2

(resp - infectious dz)

(gram - bacteremia w/ pneumonia - septic foals)

(clin path)

1. IgG less than what?
2. neutropenia w/ left shift
3. hypoglycemia (less than 80)
4. hypoxemia (PaO2 less than 70 mmHg)

Answer 2

1. 400

Question 3

(resp - infectious dz)

(gram - bacteremia w/ pneumonia - septic foals)

(treatment)

1. appropriate antimicrobials
2. supportive stuff

Question 4

(resp - infectious dz)

(EHV-1: Adult bronchopneumonia)

1. cause what three things (related to resp)

Answer 4

1. interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, lymphoid depletion

Question 5

(resp - infectious dz)

(EHV-1: Adult bronchopneumonia)

(testing - antigen virus detection)

1. bunch of shit here… whatever

Question 6

(resp - infectious dz)

1. three other viruses that cause?

Answer 6

1. equine influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus

Question 7

(resp - infectious dz)

(R. equi - snotty nosed foals)

1. disease of lower resp tract that manifests with mucopurulent nasal exudate
2. found where?

shaped how?

3. affects what age mostly?

Answer 7

2. soil-based

pleomorphic rod-shaped bacteria

3. 2-6 months

Question 8

(resp - infectious dz)

(R. equi - snotty nosed foals)

1. Dx?

Answer 8

1. thoracic radiographs
2. serology doesn’t correlate with clinical dz
3. clin path: ^ fibringogen, ^ neutrophil count, elevated platelet count
4. trans-tracheal wash: gram stain, culture, sens

Question 9

(resp - infectious dz)

(R. equi - snotty nosed foals)

(tx)

1. antimicrobial options?

how long to treat?

2. additional tx?

Answer 9

1. erythromycin, TMS, azithromycin + rifampin

2-3 weeks past resolution of Cx

2. anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs, steroids)

bronchodilators (clenbuterol, albuterol)

O2 therapy

fluids in advanced cases

Question 10

(resp - infectious dz)

(Strangles)

1. easily transmitted
2. caused by what?
3. what age mostly?
4. can’t give to humans

Answer 10

2. strep equi equi
3. young horses (6mo-2 yrs)

Question 11

(resp - infectious dz)

(Strangles)

(Cx)

1. immunity lasts several years after recovery
2. morb high, mort low

Answer 11

Question 12

(resp - infectious dz)

(Strangles)

(tx)

1. isolate immediately!
2. hot packs to abscesses may speeden healing
3. penicllion may be indicated for prolonged cases
4. is there a vx?

Answer 12

4. yes!