03: General Properties of Material

Question 1

These are the properties required to estimate the quality and condition of the material without any external force.

Answer 1

Physical Properties

Question 2

The Physical Properties of Materials as follows:

Answer 2

➢ Bulk density
➢ Porosity
➢ Durability
➢ Specific gravity
➢ Fire resistance
➢ Weathering resistance
➢ Water absorption
➢ Water permeability

Question 3

It is the ratio of mass to the volume of the material in its natural state that is including voids and pores. It influences the mechanical properties of materials like strength, heat and conductivity etc.

Answer 3

Bulk Density

Question 4

It is expressed in kg/m³.

Answer 4

Bulk Density

Question 5

Give Examples of Measured Bulk Density of Building Materials

Answer 5

Sand – 1450-1650 kg/m³
Steel – 7850 kg/m³
Heavy Concrete – 1800-2500
kg/m³
Light Concrete – 500-1800 kg/m³

Question 6

It gives the volume of the material
occupied by pores. It is the ratio of volume of pores to the volume of material.

Answer 6

Porosity

Question 7

It influences many properties like thermal conductivity, strength, bulk density, durability etc.

Answer 7

Porosity

Question 8

The property of a material to withstand against the combined action of atmospheric and other factors.

Answer 8

Durability
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Key Takeaway: If the material is more durable, it will be useful for longer life.

Question 9

Maintenance cost of material is dependent of what type of property?

Answer 9

Durability

Question 10

This is the ratio of mass of given substance to the mass of water at 4°C for the equal volumes.

Answer 10

Specific Gravity, also known as Relative Density

Question 11

Give Examples of Measured Specific Gravity of Building Materials

Answer 11

Steel – 7.82
Cement – 3.15
Water – 1.00

Question 12

The ability to withstand against fire without changing its shape and other properties. This material is tested by the combined actions of water and fire.

Answer 12

Fire Resistance
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Fireproof materials should provide more safety in case of fire

Question 13

The property of a material to withstand against all atmospheric actions without losing its strength and shape.

Answer 13

Weathering Resistance
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Weathering effects the durability of material.
For example, corrosion occurs in iron due to weathering. To resist this, paint layer is provided.

Question 14

The capacity of a material to absorb and retain water in it is known as?

Answer 14

Water Absorption

Question 15

It is expressed in % of weight of dry material. It depends up on the size, shape and number of pores of material

Answer 15

Water Absorption

Question 16

The ability of a material to permit water through it is called?

Answer 16

Water Permeability

Question 17

Dense materials like glass metals etc. are called as ______ which cannot allow water through it.

Answer 17

Impervious Materials

Question 18

This type of property of the materials are found out by applying external forces on them. These are very important properties which are responsible for behavior of a material in its job.

Answer 18

Mechanical Properties

Question 19

The Mechanical Properties are as follows:

Answer 19

➢ Strength
➢ Hardness
➢ Elasticity
➢ Plasticity
➢ Brittleness
➢ Fatigue
➢ Impact Strength
➢ Abrasion Resistance
➢ Creep

Question 20

The capacity of a material to resist failure caused by loads acting on it is called as?

Answer 20

Strength

Question 21

The loads that may determine strength

Answer 21

Compressive
Tensile
Bending

Question 22

It is determined by dividing the ultimate load taken by the material with its cross sectional area.

Answer 22

Strength

Question 23

To provide maximum safety in strength, what is provided?

Answer 23

Factor of safety is provided for materials and it is selected depending on nature of work, quality of material, economic conditions etc.

Question 24

The property of a materials to resist scratching by a harder body. MOHS scale is used to determine this type of property of a materials.

Answer 24

Hardness

Question 25

It is most important to decide the usage of particular aggregate. It also influences the workability.

Answer 25

Hardness

Question 26

The capacity of a material to regain its initial shape and size after removal of load is known as _______ and the material is called as _______.

Answer 26

Elasticity, Elastic Material

Question 27

What does Hooke’s Law states that elastic materials obey?

Answer 27

Stress is directly proportional to strain, which gives modulus of elasticity as the ratio of unit stress to unit deformation.

Question 28

The higher the value of _______, the lower the _______.

Answer 28

Modulus of Elasticity, Deformation

Question 29

When the load is applied on the material then will undergo permanent deformation without cracking and retain this shape after the removal of load, it is said to be a _____ material and this property is called as?

Answer 29

Plastic, Plasticity
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They give resistance against bending, impact etc.
Examples: steel, hot bitumen etc.

Question 30

When the material is subjected to load then it fails suddenly without causing any deformation, it is called _____ material and this property is called as?

Answer 30

Brittle, Brittleness
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Examples: concrete, cast-iron etc.

Question 31

“If a material is subjected to repeated loads, then the failure occurs at some point which is lower than the failure point caused by steady loads.”

This behavior is known as?

Answer 31

Fatigue

Question 32

If a material is subjected to sudden loads and it will undergo some deformation without causing rupture is known as its?

Answer 32

Impact Strength

Question 33

It designates the toughness
of material.

Answer 33

Impact Strength

Question 34

The loss of material due to rubbing of particles while working is called _____. The type of property for a material makes it durable and provided long life.

Answer 34

Abrasion Resistance

Abrasion (for the the blank part)

Question 35

The deformation caused by constant loads for long periods. It is time dependent and occurs at very slow rate.

Answer 35

Creep

Question 36

It is almost negligible in normal conditions but at high temperature conditions, this may occur
rapidly.

Answer 36

Creep

Question 37

The properties of materials against the chemical actions or chemical combinations are termed as chemical properties.

Enumerate different kinds of chemical properties

Answer 37

➢ Chemical Resistance
➢ Corrosion Resistance
➢ Thermal Conductivity
➢ Specific Heat

Question 38

The ability of a construction material to resist the effects by chemicals like acids, salts and alkalis is known as?

Answer 38

Chemical Resistance
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Underground installations, constructions near sea etc. should be built with great chemical resistance.

Question 39

Formation of rust (iron oxide) in metals, when they are subjected to atmosphere is called as _______. So, the metals should be?

Answer 39

Corrosion;
So, the metals should be Corrosive Resistant

Question 40

The amount of heat transferred through unit area of specimen with unit thickness in unit time is termed as?

Answer 40

Thermal Conductivity
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High porous, moist materials have more thermal conductivity

Question 41

It depends on material structure, porosity, density and moisture content.

Answer 41

Thermal Conductivity
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It is measured in Kelvins.
High porous, moist materials have more thermal conductivity

Question 42

It is the quantity of heat required to heat 1 N of material by 1°C. This is useful when we use the material in high temperature areas.

Answer 42

Specific Heat

Question 43

Give Examples Specific Heat valued of Engineering Materials

Answer 43

Steel – .046 × 10³
Wood – .239 × 10³ to .27 × 10³
Stone – .075 × 10³ to .9 × 10³