03: General Properties of Material Flashcards
These are the properties required to estimate the quality and condition of the material without any external force.
Physical Properties
The Physical Properties of Materials as follows:
➢ Bulk density
➢ Porosity
➢ Durability
➢ Specific gravity
➢ Fire resistance
➢ Weathering resistance
➢ Water absorption
➢ Water permeability
It is the ratio of mass to the volume of the material in its natural state that is including voids and pores. It influences the mechanical properties of materials like strength, heat and conductivity etc.
Bulk Density
It is expressed in kg/m³.
Bulk Density
Give Examples of Measured Bulk Density of Building Materials
Sand – 1450-1650 kg/m³
Steel – 7850 kg/m³
Heavy Concrete – 1800-2500
kg/m³
Light Concrete – 500-1800 kg/m³
It gives the volume of the material
occupied by pores. It is the ratio of volume of pores to the volume of material.
Porosity
It influences many properties like thermal conductivity, strength, bulk density, durability etc.
Porosity
The property of a material to withstand against the combined action of atmospheric and other factors.
Durability
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Key Takeaway: If the material is more durable, it will be useful for longer life.
Maintenance cost of material is dependent of what type of property?
Durability
This is the ratio of mass of given substance to the mass of water at 4°C for the equal volumes.
Specific Gravity, also known as Relative Density
Give Examples of Measured Specific Gravity of Building Materials
Steel – 7.82
Cement – 3.15
Water – 1.00
The ability to withstand against fire without changing its shape and other properties. This material is tested by the combined actions of water and fire.
Fire Resistance
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Fireproof materials should provide more safety in case of fire
The property of a material to withstand against all atmospheric actions without losing its strength and shape.
Weathering Resistance
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Weathering effects the durability of material.
For example, corrosion occurs in iron due to weathering. To resist this, paint layer is provided.
The capacity of a material to absorb and retain water in it is known as?
Water Absorption
It is expressed in % of weight of dry material. It depends up on the size, shape and number of pores of material
Water Absorption
The ability of a material to permit water through it is called?
Water Permeability
Dense materials like glass metals etc. are called as ______ which cannot allow water through it.
Impervious Materials
This type of property of the materials are found out by applying external forces on them. These are very important properties which are responsible for behavior of a material in its job.
Mechanical Properties
The Mechanical Properties are as follows:
➢ Strength
➢ Hardness
➢ Elasticity
➢ Plasticity
➢ Brittleness
➢ Fatigue
➢ Impact Strength
➢ Abrasion Resistance
➢ Creep
The capacity of a material to resist failure caused by loads acting on it is called as?
Strength
The loads that may determine strength
Compressive
Tensile
Bending
It is determined by dividing the ultimate load taken by the material with its cross sectional area.
Strength
To provide maximum safety in strength, what is provided?
Factor of safety is provided for materials and it is selected depending on nature of work, quality of material, economic conditions etc.
The property of a materials to resist scratching by a harder body. MOHS scale is used to determine this type of property of a materials.
Hardness
It is most important to decide the usage of particular aggregate. It also influences the workability.
Hardness
The capacity of a material to regain its initial shape and size after removal of load is known as _______ and the material is called as _______.
Elasticity, Elastic Material
What does Hooke’s Law states that elastic materials obey?
Stress is directly proportional to strain, which gives modulus of elasticity as the ratio of unit stress to unit deformation.
The higher the value of _______, the lower the _______.
Modulus of Elasticity, Deformation
When the load is applied on the material then will undergo permanent deformation without cracking and retain this shape after the removal of load, it is said to be a _____ material and this property is called as?
Plastic, Plasticity
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They give resistance against bending, impact etc.
Examples: steel, hot bitumen etc.
When the material is subjected to load then it fails suddenly without causing any deformation, it is called _____ material and this property is called as?
Brittle, Brittleness
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Examples: concrete, cast-iron etc.
“If a material is subjected to repeated loads, then the failure occurs at some point which is lower than the failure point caused by steady loads.”
This behavior is known as?
Fatigue
If a material is subjected to sudden loads and it will undergo some deformation without causing rupture is known as its?
Impact Strength
It designates the toughness
of material.
Impact Strength
The loss of material due to rubbing of particles while working is called _____. The type of property for a material makes it durable and provided long life.
Abrasion Resistance
Abrasion (for the the blank part)
The deformation caused by constant loads for long periods. It is time dependent and occurs at very slow rate.
Creep
It is almost negligible in normal conditions but at high temperature conditions, this may occur
rapidly.
Creep
The properties of materials against the chemical actions or chemical combinations are termed as chemical properties.
Enumerate different kinds of chemical properties
➢ Chemical Resistance
➢ Corrosion Resistance
➢ Thermal Conductivity
➢ Specific Heat
The ability of a construction material to resist the effects by chemicals like acids, salts and alkalis is known as?
Chemical Resistance
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Underground installations, constructions near sea etc. should be built with great chemical resistance.
Formation of rust (iron oxide) in metals, when they are subjected to atmosphere is called as _______. So, the metals should be?
Corrosion;
So, the metals should be Corrosive Resistant
The amount of heat transferred through unit area of specimen with unit thickness in unit time is termed as?
Thermal Conductivity
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High porous, moist materials have more thermal conductivity
It depends on material structure, porosity, density and moisture content.
Thermal Conductivity
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It is measured in Kelvins.
High porous, moist materials have more thermal conductivity
It is the quantity of heat required to heat 1 N of material by 1°C. This is useful when we use the material in high temperature areas.
Specific Heat
Give Examples Specific Heat valued of Engineering Materials
Steel – .046 × 10³
Wood – .239 × 10³ to .27 × 10³
Stone – .075 × 10³ to .9 × 10³
