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CSD9513 > 03 - Fundamentals of Electricity > Flashcards

03 - Fundamentals of Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

In an atom, the electrons are _______ (positively/neutrally/negatively) charged

A

Negatively

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2
Q

In an atom, the protons are _______ (positively/neutrally/negatively) charged

A

Positively

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3
Q

In an atom, the neutrons are _______ (positively/neutrally/negatively) charged

A

Neutrally

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4
Q

In a process called “ionization,” an atom may lose an electron and become ________ (positively/negatively) charged

A

Positively

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5
Q

Name two ways in which electrons can be moved

A

Friction
Heat
Chemically (e.g. batteries)
Magnetic (e.g. Power generation)

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6
Q

A neutral atom with a full outer shell would be a good _______ (conductor/insulator)

A

Insulator

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7
Q

In a battery, the _____ (cathode/anode) is positively charged and made of a material that readily _____ (gives up/accepts) an electron

A

Cathode, gives up

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8
Q

Like charges ______ (attract/repel) and opposite charges _____ (attract/repel)

A

Like charges repel

Opposite charges attract

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9
Q

What is a Coulomb (C)?

A

A metric measure of electrical charge

Q = number of protons or electrons x (1.602x10^-19)

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10
Q

What is Voltage (V)?

A

Electrical pressure measured in volts

V = Work (joules) / Charge (coulombs)

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11
Q

By convention, current is shown going from ______ to ______, which is opposite to the flow of electrons

A

Positive to Negative

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12
Q

What is Current (I)?

A

The rate of flow of electrons
I = Q/t
Coulombs/sec or Amperes (amps)

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13
Q

What is Power?

A

The amount of work done per second

Power (watts) = V x I

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14
Q

What are the two types of current?

A 
Direct Current (DC) (e.g. battery) and Alternating Current (AC) (e.g. 60 Hz wall socket)
-AC is shown as a sinusoid, DC has a constant voltage
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15
Q

Current flowing through a wire creates a ______ (electrical/magnetic) field around it

A

Magnetic field

*A changing magnetic field can induce current in a conductor

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16
Q

True or False: using the Right Hand Rule shows your thumb pointing in the direction of CONVENTIONAL current, and your fingers indicating the direction of the MAGNETIC field

A

True

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17
Q

What are 2 examples of wireless energy transfer (e.g. changing the current in a loop, therefore changing its magnetic field, which changes the magnetic field of a second loop, inducing a current there)?

A
  • hearing aid telecoils
  • cochlear implants
  • power supplies (wireless chargers for cellphones, powering the chip in your credit/debit card using Tap to pay)
18
Q

Fill in the blanks for the energy transfer used in hearing aid telecoils:
Acoustic -> ______ -> Magnetic -> ______ -> _______

A

Acoustic -> ELECTRIC -> Magnetic -> ELECTRIC -> ACOUSTIC

19
Q

What is the main advantage of using a telecoil for a hearing aid instead of just amplifying the sound in the room?

A

Quality of the sound - the magnetic field is not influenced by reverberation, just the SPLs at the microphone

20
Q

Describe how a loudspeaker uses electromagnetic principles to transfer an electrical signal back into an acoustic signal

A
  • Loudspeaker has a permanent magnet that doesn’t move
  • Alternating Current through suspended voice coil creates an alternating magnetic field, which goes through periods of attraction and repulsion with the permanent magnet
  • Voice coil is also attached to the diaphragm and this push/pull of attraction with the permanent magnet moves the diaphragm, creating sound pressure waves
21
Q

Good ________ (conductors/insulators) have tightly bound electrons

A

Insulators

22
Q

Name 2 examples of good conductors

A
  • copper
  • gold
  • silver
  • platinum
23
Q

What’s a semiconductor?

A

A semiconductor is somewhere between insulators and conductors
- used in solid state devices

24
Q

Resistance (R) quantifies the amount of resistance offered to the flow of electrons. Using Ohm’s Law, state the equation for resistance

A

R (ohms) = V (volts) / I (amps)

25
Q

True or False: Resistance of a conductor is dependent on the frequency of the source

A

False - resistance is independent of frequency, making resistance circuits a good choice if you’re creating an attenuator (volume dial) because you’re interested in amplitude, not on limiting certain frequencies

26
Q

True or False: Resistance generates heat

A

True

27
Q

Capacitance (C) denotes the amount of ______ that a circuit can retain, and is shown by the formula:
C (farad) = Q (coulomb) / V (volts)

A

charge

28
Q

A capacitor is basically a ______ sandwiched between two conducting plates

A

Insulator

29
Q

Name one thing that determines the value of a capacitor

A
  • area of the plates

- distance between the plates and the dielectric material that separates them

30
Q

True or false: At rest, the battery charges the capacitor

A

True

31
Q

A capacitor can accept more voltage with ______ (increased/decreased) distance between the plates

A

Decreased

32
Q

The center of an atom is called the ________ (neutron/nucleus/electron/valence)

A

Nucleus

33
Q

The electrons in the outermost shell are called ________ (major/primary/secondary/valence)

A

Valence

34
Q

A charged atom is called ________ (inert/an ion/ a neutron/ a photon)

A

An Ion

35
Q

Substances that are poor conductors of electricity are called _______ (electromagnets/ insulators/ optics/ metals)

A

Insulators

36
Q

The magnitude of current is measured in _______ (volts/ amperes/ coulombs/ ohms)

A

Amperes

37
Q

A circuit where the current is always in one direction is ______ (DC, AC, AM, FM)

A

DC

38
Q

The basic unit of electrical power is _____ (volt, watt, ohm, coulomb)

A

Watt

39
Q

The condenser microphone is based on the principle of _________ (inductance/ resistance/ capacitance/ electrolysis)

A

Capacitance

40
Q

What are the 4 basic electrical qualities?

A

Charge
Voltage
Current
Power

41
Q

What are 3 basic electrical components?

A

Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors

CSD9513 (10 decks)

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