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BSC Zoology - Parasitology > 03. Cestodes: Order cyclophyllidea, Family Taeniidea ( Genera Taenia, Echinococcus) > Flashcards

03. Cestodes: Order cyclophyllidea, Family Taeniidea ( Genera Taenia, Echinococcus) Flashcards

1
Q

Who is the only definitive host of the beef tapeworm? What is the scientific name of the beef tapeworm?

A

Humans are the only DH

Taenia saginata

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2
Q

Where do the adult tapeworms of Taenia saginata occur in humans?

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

Where do the oncospheres of Taenia saginata hatch from the egg in the host?

A

In the small intestine, it penetrates the intestinal wall and enters the blood stream

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4
Q

How does a human acquire T. saginata? what life cycle stage does it acquire it at?

A

Raw or poorly cooked beef containing: CYSTICERCI

The oncosphere became a cysticerci in the muscle before the animal was killed for eating

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5
Q

What is the process once the cysticercus of Taenia saginata is ingested by the DH/human?

A

Once in the small intestine, the scolex evaginates from the cysticercus and attaches to the wall of the ileum, to begin strobilation

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6
Q

When does the adult Taenia saginata reach maximum maturity and length in the DH?

A

in 3 moths

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7
Q

Can cattle become infected with T. saginata by ingesting the cysticerci?

A

NO

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8
Q

Can humans harbour the metacestodes of T. saginata?

A

NO - the eggs can only hatch in the cow

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9
Q

Are eggs of the family Taeniidae morphologically different?

A

NO - not used for diagnosis

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10
Q

Where does the cysticercus of T. saginata develop?

A

in the muscle of the cow

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11
Q

Does Taenia saginata adult worm have hooks?

A

NO - 4 suckers and lacks hooks

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12
Q

Is the Taenia saginata genital pore common or separate?

A

common

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13
Q

How do we differentiate between T. saginata and T. solium?

A

By looking at the gravid proglottids - T. saginata has ≥15 branches (usually around 20-25)

while T. solium has 14 or less (usually around 14) and they are shorter branches

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14
Q

What is the taxonomy of T. solium?

A

Order Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Genera Taenia
Species solium

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15
Q

What is the taxonomy of T. saginata?

A

Order Cyclophyllidea
Family Taeniidae
Genera Taenia
Species saginata

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16
Q

What are the hosts of Pork tapewirm (T. solium)

A

Humans are the only definitive host and pigs are intermediate host - no reservoir hosts for this parasite

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17
Q

Which is more dangerous, T. solium or T. saginata? and why?

A

T. solium, because humans can also be the accidental intermediate host, whereby eggs are ingested and this leads to the disease cysticercosis

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18
Q

How do T. solium and T. saginata eggs compare?

A

They are morphologically indistinguishable - not used for diagnosis

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19
Q

What is found in the eggs of Family Taeniidae?

A
  • Surrounded with a thick radially striated brown embrophore

- Inside is an oncosphere with 6 hooklets

20
Q

Who has hooks between T. saginata and T. solium?

A

T. solium

21
Q

What is the morphology of the adult T. solium?

A

Scolex with 4 suckers and 2 circles of hooks

22
Q

What is the condition that arrises if the DH (human) becomes the accidental IH and ingests the eggs of T. solium?

A

Cysticercosis

23
Q

Does cysticercosis only apply to humans?

A

NO

24
Q

How is the infection passed in T. solium? (pigs)

A

by ingesting eggs or gravid proglottids that originates from the feces of an infected individual

25
Q

Where do the oncospheres hatch out of the egg in T. solium?

A

The pig ingests embryonated eggs, and in the pig small intestine, the egg hatches to yield the oncosphere and it will enter circulation

26
Q

What is the disease of cycts in the human brain?

A

Neurocysticercosis

27
Q

What is the clinical diagnosis of T. solium eggs and/or proglottids in human feces?

A

taeniasis

28
Q

Name some types of cysticercosis infections

A

occular cysticercosis
neurocysticercosis
cardio cysticercosis

29
Q

Is treatment of cysticercosis usually effective with anti-parasitic drugs? Of the adult worm?

A

Treatment suboptimal for cysticercosis

Treatment very effective for the adult worm

30
Q

How does Praziquantel work?

A

Increases the permeability of the worm’s membranes toward calcium ions

31
Q

What is the taxonomy of E. granulosus?

A

Order Cyclophyllidae
Family Taeniidae
Genera Echinococcus
Species granulosus

32
Q

What is the taxonomy of E. miltilocularis?

A

Order Cyclophyllidae
Family Taeniidae
Genera Echinococcus
Species multilocularis

33
Q

Is Echnococcus big or small relative to other worms?

A

small (one of the smallest)

34
Q

What is special about Echonococcus spp.?

A

They only have a scolex, a neck and one of each stage of maturation of proglottid (immature, mature and gravid)

35
Q

What are the DH of Echinococcus?

A

domestic dogs and other Canidae

36
Q

What are the IH of Echinococcus?

A

sheep and other hebivores

37
Q

How does Echinococcus effect humans?

A

They are susceptible to the juvenile stage of the parasite, which may develop into a large, fluid filled cyst (hydatid cyst)

38
Q

What is the disease associated with human exposure to the juvenile stage of Echonococcus?

A

Hydatid disease (characterized by hydatid cysts)

39
Q

Describe a hydatid cyst

A
  • Instead of having cysticerci, they have hydatid cysts, which contain multiple brood capsules containing the protoscolices.
  • the cyst is filled with hydatid fluid (HF) and consists of multiple layers
40
Q

What is another name for Hydatid disease?

A

Echinococcosis

41
Q

T/F E. multilocularis occurs in the Northern hemisphere

A

true

42
Q

What is caused by Echinococcus granulosus?

A

cystic echinococcosis

43
Q

What is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis?

A

alveolar schinococcosis

44
Q

What stage of development of cestodes causes Human echonococcosis?

A

The larval stages

45
Q

What is the most common form of treatment for Echinococcosis?

A

Surgery, although it is not always 100% effective + medication postoperatively

46
Q

How does albendazole work?

A

Albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to tubulin, which inhibits its assembly into microtubules

BSC Zoology - Parasitology (27 decks)

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