02 The Thoracic Wall Flashcards
How are the ribs connected on both ends
Head of the rib and tubercle connect with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and connect with costal cartilage anteriorly
True or false: ribs are larger at the top than top he bottom
False
What are the three parts of the sternum
Manubrium, body and xiphoid process
What are the contents of thoracic inlets
Great vessels, trachea, oesophagus, nerves, apex of lungs
How do diaphragm and the movement of the ribs increase chest volume
Diaphragm flattens to increase vertical diameter and also pulls costal margins up to increase transverse and antero-posterior diameters
Ribs have pump handle which is an anterior superior movement plus bucket handle to elevate lateral ribs
How do intercostal muscles aid breathing
Stiffens the chest wall to increase efficiency
Describe the distribution of muscle and aponeurosis of external, internal and innermost intercostals
External intercostal: muscle posteriorly and membrane anteriorly
Internal intercostal: muscle anteriorly and membrane posteriorly
Innermost: poorly developed
Where is the neurvascular bundle located
Just under internal intercostal muscle
What do lateral cutaneous branch and anterior cutaneous branch of intercostal nerves supply
Lateral: anterior and posterior
Anterior: medial and lateral
What are the blood supply to the anterior and posterior intercostal space
Anterior: anterior intercostal artery (branching from internal thoracic artery which branch from subclavian artery)
Posterior: posterior intercostal artery (branching from thoracic aorta)
Describe the boarders for chest drain
Superiorly: apex of axilla
Inferiorly: 5th intercostal space anteriorly to mid axillary line
Laterally: lateral boarder of pectoralis major and anterior boarder of lattisimis dorsi
2nd to the 5th intercostal space
Where do spinal nerves exit from
Vertebral canal which is on the inferior edge of the vertebra of the same level. Therefore the intercostal nerves only run on the inferior portion of costal groove
