02) Organisation of the Organism 1.3.1,2,3

Question 1

1.1. Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell

Answer 1

Plant, animal
Cell wall: ✔✘
Cell membrane: ✔✔
Nucleus: ✔✔
Cytoplasm: ✔✔
Chloroplasts: ✔✘
Ribosomes: ✔✔
Mitochondria: ✔✔
Vacuoles: ✔✔

Question 2

1.2. Describe the structure of a bacterial cell

Answer 2

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, plasmids

Question 3

1.3.1 Identify the cell structures listed in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 in diagrams and images of plant cells

Question 4

1.3.2. Identify the cell structures listed in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 in diagrams and images of animal cells

Question 5

1.3.3. Identify the cell structures listed in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 in diagrams and images of bacterial cells

Question 6

1.4. Describe the functions of the structures listed in 1.1 and 1.2 in plant, animal and bacterial cells

Answer 6

Cell wall: gives cell support, defines its shape

Cell membrane: holds cell together, controls substances entering and leaving the cell

Nucleus: contains genetic material in chromosomes which control how cells grow and work, controls cell division

Cytoplasm: supports cell structures, site of many chemical reactions, contains water and many solutes

Chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis, absorbs light energy needed for the reaction to occur through chlorophyll pigments

Vacuoles: contains cell sap, used for storage of certain materials, supports shape of cell

Ribosomes: site of protein production in protein synthesis

Mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration which provides energy for the cell (cells with high rates of metabolism (carrying out many different cell reactions) will have much higher numbers of mitochondria)

Vesicles: safely transports substances from one part of the cell to another

Question 7

1.5. How are new cells produced?

Answer 7

By division of existing cells

Question 8

1.6. What specific functions do specialised cells have?

Answer 8

(a) ciliated cells: movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

(b) root hair cells: absorption

(c) palisade mesophyll cells: photosynthesis

(d) neurones: conduction of electrical impulses

(e) red blood cells: transport of oxygen

(f) sperm and egg cells (gametes): reproduction

Question 9

1.7. Describe the meaning of cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism

Answer 9

Cell: basic functional and structural units in a living organism

Tissue: Groups of cells of similar structure working together to perform the same function

Organ: Made from different tissues working together to perform specific functions

Organ system: Groups of organs with related functions, working together to perform bodily functions

Organism: Any living thing

Question 10

2.1. What is the formula for calculating magnification?

Answer 10

Magnification = image size ÷ actual size

Question 11

2.3. What is the conversion between millimetres (mm) and micrometres (μm)

Answer 11

1 mm = 1000μm