02 Key nouns Flashcards
__ the subject __
the thing that is being discussed, considered, or studied
She has made a documentary on the subject of family relation.
pol. na temat
the theme __
main subject of a talk, book, film etc.
The theme of loss runs through most of his novels.
pol. temat, motyw przewodni
essay topic
used to refer to what one is studying or writing about
The students were given a list of essay topics.
pol. temat wypracowania
the issue __
subject/problem which people are thinking/talking about
- environmental/ethical/personal issues
There was a lively debate over the issue of globalisation.
pol. kwestia, sprawa, problem
theory __
a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas that are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation
- scientific/economic theory
Darwin’s theory of evolution
pol. teoria
the model __
a simple description of a system or process that can be used in calculations or predictions of what might happen
- to construct a statistical/theoretical/mathematical model
No computer model of the economy can predict the next recession.
pol. model
the nature __
main characteristic of something
What was the nature of his inquiry?
pol. natura, charakter
__ nature
main characteristic of something
Motor-racing is by nature a dangerous sport.
pol. z natury
the principle __
a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works
- on principle
- on the principle that
Human bevahiour is based on the principle of least effort.
pol. zasada, dla zasady
aspect __
one individual part of a situation, problem, subject, etc.:
Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy?
pol. aspekt, punkt widzenia
feature __
a typical quality or an important part of something
Automatic backup is a feature of the new software.
pol. właściwość, aspekt
_____/_____ the scope __
outside of the range of a subject covered by a book, discussion, class, etc.
I’m afraid that problem is beyond/outside the scope of my lecture.
pol. poza zakresem
revealed a pattern __
showed a regularly repeated arrangement
The study revealed a pattern of results.
pol. ujawnić schemat
number __
amount or level
A small number of children are educated at home.
pol. pewna liczba/ilość
significance
importance
- is of great significance for/to (His work is of great significance to historians.)
- the significance of *
We should not overestimate the significance of his influence.
pol. ważność, doniosłość; znaczenie , sens
identification
ability to estabilish the identity od something
Identification of the victims of the plane crash is not complete.
pol. identyfikacja
assessment __
judgemengt of the amount, value, quality or importance of something
- a fair assessment of
- assessments of
- to conduct an assessment
Their assessments of production costs were hopelessly inaccurate.
pol. ocena, oszacowanie; wycena
case
arguments, facts and reasons in support of or against something
- a case for/against sth
- make/argue a case
- a good/strong case
She’s very busy so don’t overstate the case - just give her the facts.
He presented the case against cutting the military budget.
pol. argument, dowód
make a case for something
idiom (UK also make out a case for something)
to argue that something is the best thing to do, giving your reasons
I will only publish a book if you can make a convincing case for it.
pol. dowodzić słuszności czegoś
approach
way of considering or doing something
- Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different approach to it.
- Michael is always very logical in his approach.
I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shake
pol. podejście
perspectives __
different particular or individual ways of considering something
The morning will give her a different perspective on certain things.
pol. perspektywa, punkt widzenia
awareness __
having special interest in or experience of something, and so being well informed
- customer/public/consumer awareness
- awareness of sth
- build/increase/raise awareness
- increasing/growing/heightened awareness
Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.
pol. świadomość, wiedza, znajomość
view __
noun
an opinion, belief, or idea, or a way of thinking about something:
Do you have any views about/on what we should do now?
In my view, her criticisms were completely justified.
[ + that ] It’s my view that the price is much too high.
Many people have/hold/share/take the view that children should not be physically punished.
Everyone will have a chance to make their views known at the meeting.
We had a friendly exchange of views (= discussion).
I take a very dim/poor view of this kind of behaviour (= think that this type of behaviour is unacceptable).
pol. pogląd na jakiś temat
view
verb
to have a particular opinion or way of thinking about someone or something:
- She is viewed as a strong candidate for the job.
- We view these latest developments with concern/suspicion/satisfaction.
- If we view the problem from a different angle, a solution may become more obvious.
- How do you view your prospects/chances (= what do you consider your chances to be) in tomorrow’s race?
* A reporter asked the minister how he viewed recent events.
pol. rozważać, postrzegać
research __
verb
to study a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new information or reach a new understanding
noun (uncountable)
detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover new information or understand the subject better:
* research into/on sth
* carry out/do/conduct research
* a piece of research
* scientific/medical research
* a research assistant/student
* a research grant
She’s researching into possible cures for AIDS.
pol. badanie; przeprowadzać badanie
methodology
a system of ways of doing, teaching, or studying something
The methodology and findings of the research team have been criticized.
pol. metodologia, metodyka
