0.2 Cardio-vascular

Question 1

What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle

Answer 1

Systole and diastole

Question 2

Describe the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 2

• atria fills with bloods
• pressure rises
• atrioventricular valves open
• blood passes into ventricles

Question 3

Describe the Systole phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 3

• both atria contract
• remaining blood goes to ventricles
• ventricular systole
• they contract at the same time
• blood pressure increases
• AV valve forced shut
• BP into aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 4

Describe the conduction system

Answer 4

1) Impulse starts at SA node
2) 👋 of contraction goes through atria
3) impulses passed to AV node
4) goes theoght bundle of his
5) split into left and right ventricle
6) purkinje fibres
7) causing ventricular systole

Question 5

What is stroke volume

Answer 5

Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles in one contraction

Question 6

What is heart rate

Answer 6

Number of contractions in one min

Question 7

What is cardiac output

Answer 7

Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles in one min

Question 8

What is the equation to work out cardiac output

Answer 8

CO= HR x SV

Question 9

What is heart rate regulated by

Answer 9

The cardiac control centre found in the medulia oblongata of the brain

Question 10

What is the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

The nerves increase heat rate

Question 11

What is parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

The nerves decrease heart rate

Question 12

What are the three receptors associated within neurole Control

Answer 12

Propro-receptors
Chemoreceptors
Baroceptors

Question 13

Describe what happens in neurole control

Answer 13

The CCC responds to the receptors by stimulating the SA node by the sympathetic NS, accelerates nerve to increase HR

Parasympathetic- vagus nerve to decrease HR

Question 14

Describe what happens in hormonal control (3points)

Answer 14

1) Adrenaline is released in the blood
2) anticipatory rise
3) stimulates SA node to increase HR and SV

Question 15

What happens in intrinsic control

Answer 15

1) increase temp, increase nerve impulse
2) increase HR
3) increase venous return
4) increase myocatdial stretch
5) increase in EDV
6) increase SV

Question 16

What is venous return

Answer 16

Amount of blood that returns to the heart

Question 17

What are the 5 machanisms for Venous return

Answer 17

1) pocket valve
2) skeletal muscle pump
3) respiratory pump
4) smooth muscles
5) gravity

Question 18

What is the vascular shunt mechanism

Answer 18

The process of re-distributing blood supply

Question 19

Short term effects on cardio vascular

Answer 19

Cardio- increase in HR,SV,EDV,CO

Vascular - increase blood flow, pressure and increase venous return

Question 20

Long term effects on cardio vascular ?

Answer 20

Cardio- hypertrophy, increase in max SV,CO. More blood to working muscles. Removal of lactic acid. Decrease in resting HR.

Vascular- Greater tolerance to lactic acid, enhanced vascular shunt mechanism, Elasticity of arterial walls

Question 21

Factors effecting cardio vascular diseases

Answer 21

Smoking, stress, poor diet, lack of exercise

Question 22

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 22

• Build up of fatty deposit
• narrows the lumen( possible clots)
• overtime increase in BP then this becomes chronic ( hypertension)

Question 23

What is the average blood pressure

Answer 23

120/80

Question 24

What is CHD/ heart attack?

Answer 24

A lack of blood flow and oxygen supply, limits heart functions to respire and angina or HA may occur

HA- when the supply of blood to heart heart is suddenly blocked .

Question 25

What is a stroke?

Answer 25

A blockage in either the cerebral artery (ischaemic) or a blood vessel bursting on the surface of the brain (haemorrhagic)

Question 26

What should you do do reduce risk of CVD

Answer 26

30mins + 3-5x a week - low/medium intensity

Question 27

Why should you exercise to reduce CDV?

Answer 27

1) reduces cholesterol
2) decrease hardening arteries
3) decrease in blood velocity
4) decrease body fat
5) decrease RHR,BP