02: ABG Evaluation

Question 1

Goal of acid-base balance?

Answer 1

Maintain homeostasis

Question 2

If PCO2 matches pH

Answer 2

Respiratory issue

Question 3

If HCO3 matches pH

Answer 3

Metabolic issue

Question 4

Primary chemical event in respiratory acidosis

Answer 4

Elevated CO2

Question 5

Decreased CO2 primary chemical event

Answer 5

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 6

Cause of respiratory acidosis

Answer 6

Hypoventilation/hypopnea
Sedatives
OD
Pain meds
Increased deadspace

Question 7

Hypoventilation causes

Answer 7

Respiratory arrest
Head injury
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary disease
Anesthesia

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis

Answer 8

Dyspnea/RD
Hypopnea
Headache
Restlessness

Question 9

Treatment of respiratory acidosis

Answer 9

Increase ventilation

On vent? Increase rate and volume

Question 10

Cause of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 10

Hyperventilation
Anxiety
Pain
Fear
Hypoxia
Increased metabolic demands
Stimulants

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 11

Light-headed
Numbness/tingles
Confusion
Blurry vision
Dry mouth
Diaphoresis
Deep, rapid, breaths

Question 12

Tx of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 12

Decrease Vt or RR

Treat underlying cause

Question 13

Respiratory buffer response compensation time

Answer 13

Within 1-3 minutes

Question 14

Primary chemical event of metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

Decreased HCO3 and decreased pH

Question 15

Primary chemical event of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 15

Increased HCO3 and pH

Question 16

Causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 16

(Sepsis) shock
Diarrhea
Hypoxia
Renal failure
Diabetic kitoacidosis
Aspirin OD

Question 17

Signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

Headache
Restlessness
Confusion
Lethargy
Stupor/coma
Weak
Warm/flush
Kussmauls

Question 18

Treatment of metabolic acidosis

Answer 18

Treat underlying cause

Question 19

Oxygenation values

Answer 19

>100: hyperoxygenation
80-100: normal
79-60: mild
59-40: moderate
<40: severe

Question 20

Metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 20

Vomiting
Gastric sx
Excessive diuretics
Electrolyte imbalances

Question 21

Metabolic alkalosis signs and symptoms

Answer 21

Dizziness
Lethargy
Disorientation
Seizures
Coma
Mental dullness

Question 22

Treatment of metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

Treat underlying cause

Question 23

PaO2 v SaO2 values

Answer 23

99 -> 100%
80 -> 95%
60 -> 90%
40 -> 75%

Question 24

HCO3 above 30-31

Answer 24

Consider alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on compensated respiratory acidosis

Question 25

pH WNL?

Answer 25

normal or compensated

Question 26

pH not WNL?

Answer 26

Partial or uncomoensated