02: ABG Evaluation Flashcards
Goal of acid-base balance?
Maintain homeostasis
If PCO2 matches pH
Respiratory issue
If HCO3 matches pH
Metabolic issue
Primary chemical event in respiratory acidosis
Elevated CO2
Decreased CO2 primary chemical event
Respiratory alkalosis
Cause of respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation/hypopnea Sedatives OD Pain meds Increased deadspace
Hypoventilation causes
Respiratory arrest Head injury Pulmonary edema Pulmonary disease Anesthesia
Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis
Dyspnea/RD
Hypopnea
Headache
Restlessness
Treatment of respiratory acidosis
Increase ventilation
On vent? Increase rate and volume
Cause of respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation Anxiety Pain Fear Hypoxia Increased metabolic demands Stimulants
Signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis
Light-headed Numbness/tingles Confusion Blurry vision Dry mouth Diaphoresis Deep, rapid, breaths
Tx of respiratory alkalosis
Decrease Vt or RR
Treat underlying cause
Respiratory buffer response compensation time
Within 1-3 minutes
Primary chemical event of metabolic acidosis
Decreased HCO3 and decreased pH
Primary chemical event of metabolic alkalosis
Increased HCO3 and pH
Causes of metabolic acidosis
(Sepsis) shock Diarrhea Hypoxia Renal failure Diabetic kitoacidosis Aspirin OD
Signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis
Headache Restlessness Confusion Lethargy Stupor/coma Weak Warm/flush Kussmauls
Treatment of metabolic acidosis
Treat underlying cause
Oxygenation values
>100: hyperoxygenation 80-100: normal 79-60: mild 59-40: moderate <40: severe
Metabolic alkalosis causes
Vomiting
Gastric sx
Excessive diuretics
Electrolyte imbalances
Metabolic alkalosis signs and symptoms
Dizziness Lethargy Disorientation Seizures Coma Mental dullness
Treatment of metabolic acidosis
Treat underlying cause
PaO2 v SaO2 values
99 -> 100%
80 -> 95%
60 -> 90%
40 -> 75%
HCO3 above 30-31
Consider alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on compensated respiratory acidosis
pH WNL?
normal or compensated
pH not WNL?
Partial or uncomoensated
