02/10/24

Question 1

What is the pathology of an aneurysm?

Answer 1

Medial cystic necrosis

Question 2

What are the tributaries of the IVC?

Answer 2

I like to rise so high

Iliacs
Lumbar
Testicular
Renal
Suprarenal
Hepatic

Question 3

Define fistula

Answer 3

abnormal communication between 2 epithelialised surfaces

Question 4

Where is bicarbonate produced

Answer 4

pancreas

Question 5

What bacteria causes a yellow granular foul smelling pus? what is seen on histology?

Answer 5

Actinomyces

Filamentous bacteria
sulfur granules

Question 6

Why is pus yellow?

Answer 6

Myeloperoxidase

Question 7

What is seen on biopsy for GCA?

Answer 7

skip lesions
granulomas
inflammation

Question 8

Side effects of steroids?

Answer 8

MSK - osteoporosis, muscle atrophy
Neuro - psychosis, sleep disturbance
Biochem - hyperglycaemia, adrenal insufficiency

Question 9

Causes of fat embolism

Answer 9

long bone fracture
pancreatitis
surgery
burns

Question 10

what are bence jones proteins?

Answer 10

monoclonal long chain immunoglobulins

Question 11

What are the complications of multiple myeloma?

Answer 11

C - hypercalcaemia
R - renal failure
A - Anaemia
B - bone pain

Question 12

How long do neutrophils last?

Answer 12

Isolated from body - hours
Activated - 1-2 days
In vivo -3-5 days

Question 13

What are the causes of a widened mediastinum?

Answer 13

Vascular - traumatic aortic rupture, aortic dissection, aneurysm
Hilar lymphadenopathy
Neoplasm - lymphoma
Cardiac tamponade
Mediastinal haematoma