010514 normal structure of upper GI

Question 1

four tunics of the general GI tract

Answer 1

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia/serosa

Question 2

muscularis mucosae’s fxn

Answer 2

local mvments of the mucosa and folding of the mucosa

Question 3

composition of submucosa

Answer 3

loose collagenous and adipose tissue
large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

mucous secreting glands in esophagus and duodenum

Meissner’s plexus (parasympathetic ganglia)

Question 4

muscularis externa has an inner layer of what?

Answer 4

circular muscular layer

Question 5

nervous tissue in the muscularis externa is called?

Answer 5

myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

Question 6

what does myenteric plexus control

Answer 6

peristalsis

Question 7

what does Meissner’s plexus control

Answer 7

muscularis mucosae movement
blood flow
gland secretion

Question 8

adventitia vs serosa

Answer 8

adventitia is loose connec tissue layer surrounding the GI tract; it’s located outside of the peritoneal cavity

serosa is simple squmous epithelium (mesothelium) along with connective tissue that covers the GI tract WITHIN the peritoneal cavity

Question 9

what regulates the enteric nervous system?

Answer 9

autonomic nervous system

or hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells

Question 10

enteric nervous system

Answer 10

division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 11

what does the paraysympathetic enteric nervous system do?

Answer 11

stimulates secretion and peristalsis

Question 12

what does sympathetic enteric nervous sys do?

Answer 12

represses peristalsis and activates activity of sphincters

Question 13

tubular glands are found in

Answer 13

stomach (secretory fxns)

Question 14

epithelium of esophagus consists of

Answer 14

stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium with Langerhans cells

Question 15

esophageal cardiac glands are located where, and what do they do?

Answer 15

lamina propria

secrete mucous to help propel food

Question 16

submucosa of esophagus contains

Answer 16

esophageal glands (only esophagus and duodenum have glands in their submucosa)

Question 17

esophageal glands of submucosa have what two cell types?

Answer 17

mucous cells (basal nucleus)
serous cells (centrally located nucleus)

Question 18

what do serous cells of the esophageal glands of submucosa secrete?

Answer 18

pepsinogen and lysozyme

Question 19

two physiological sphincters of the esophagus

Answer 19

pharyngoesophageal sphincter

gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 20

four regions of the stomach

Answer 20

cardia
fundus-secretes acid and enyzmes
body-secretes acid and enzymes
pyloris

Question 21

gastric glands are found where in the stomach?

Answer 21

lamina propria

Question 22

Auerbach’s plexus is found in what layer?

Answer 22

muscularis externa

Question 23

gastric gland has what regions?

Answer 23

isthmus
neck
base

Question 24

six cell types of the gastric gland

Answer 24

surface mucous/lining cells (gastric pit)
parietal (oxyntic) cells (isthmus, neck, base)
neck mucous cells (neck and base)
chief cells (base)
enteroendocrine cells (base)
stem cells (neck)

Question 25

surface lining cells of the gastric gland secrete what?

Answer 25

mucous that’s thick and dense–the mucous adheres to the mucosa and protects against acid

Question 26

fxn of mucous neck cells

Answer 26

secrete soluble mucous to lubricate stomach contents

Question 27

what are some things enteroendocrine cells secrete?

Answer 27

gastrin (G cells)
serotonin
somatostatin
enteroglucagon
histamine (ECL cells)

Question 28

parietal cells’ fxn

Answer 28

make HCl and gastric intrinsic factor

Question 29

secretory canalicus is associated with

Answer 29

parietal cells

Question 30

what causes enzyme release from chief cells?

Answer 30

hormones

neural action

Question 31

stomach’s response to a meal

Answer 31

cephalic phase
gastric phase
intestinal phase