01: Overview of Critical Appraisal & Study Question Flashcards
1
Q
What are the major components of critical appraisal? (7)
A
- study question
- study design
- data analyzed
- results (original study)
- results (meta-analysis)
- biases present
- causal claims
2
Q
What are the 4 elements of PICO/PECO?
A
- population
- interventions/exposures
- comparators
- outcome
3
Q
PICO/PECO
What is the population?
A
to whom the study results can generalize to
- might be defined by a condition/disease, disease stage, sex, gender, age, or combinations of these
4
Q
PICO/PECO
What is the intervention/exposure?
A
the intervention or what the individuals were exposed to
- ie. medication, vaccine, surgical procedure, exercise regime, diet
5
Q
PICO/PECO
What is the comparator?
A
control or comparison group
- ie. placebo, standard of care
6
Q
PICO/PECO
What is the outcome?
A
the result upon which the intervention/exposure may have an effect
7
Q
What is a population?
A
- to whom study results can generalize to
- the entire group of individuals in which we are interested (but usually don’t have access to)
8
Q
What is a sample?
A
subset of the population for which we have access to and collect data on
- ideally is representative of the population
- based on study inclusion/exclusion criteria
- often called subjects/participants/patients
9
Q
What is the difference between a population and a sample?
A
- population is all members of a specified group
- sample is the part of a population used to describe the whole group
10
Q
Why might a researcher use a sample rather than an entire population for their study?
A
using a sample is more practical than using an entire population
