01. Introduction Flashcards
What are the main ingredients of mobile and ubiquitous computing?
1) Enabled by miniaturisation of computing and computing devices
2) Automatic links between physical and digital worlds
3) Reality embedded with and in information space (cyber-physical) space
4) Duel existence for people, places, things
Device numbers vs complexity
Most Computers 10/7 Handheld devices 10/8 Machinery 10/9 Home appliances 10/10 Pallets 10/11 Consumer items10/12 Least
Describe the mobile computing paradigm.
- application of small, portable, wireless computing and communication devices
- ability to use device on the move (change location)
- portability is one aspect (portability vs mobile)
- mobile telephony in particular allows you to make and receive calls on the move
What are the three main ingredients of mobile computing?
1) device
2) network
3) system support
Mobile computing ingredients - what are the types of DEVICES used?
Laptop, PDA(palm top), mobile phone, smart phone, tablet
Mobile computing ingredients - give some examples of NETWORKS involved
1) cellular technology
2) data over cellular
3) wi-fi
4) Bluetooth
5) zigbee
6) infra-red
7) 3G
8) 4G
Mobile computing ingredients - give some examples of SYSTEM SUPPORT.
1) routing
2) billing
3) voice mail
4) data routing
What does ubiquitous mean?
- Being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time
- Omnipresent
- Found in large quantities everywhere
- All over the place
Ubiquitous computing is also known as….?
Pervasive computing
Also..
Deeply embedded, 4G mobile or sentient computing, ambient intelligence
Describe cyber-physical systems.
Physical (material) entities - people - objects - places -------------------------------- Digital entities - Object info and location - maps - person info - activities
Name some of the buzzwords around pervasive computing.
Machine to machine communications, ubiquitous computing, Internet of things, cyber-physical systems, intelligent environments, connected objects
Describe the ubiquitous computing paradigm.
Activates the world
Is invisible - everywhere computing that does not live on a personal device but is in the woodwork everywhere
Makes a computer so embedded, so fitted and natural that we use it without thinking about it
Describe the four waves/paradigms of computing
1) mainframe computing (60/70s)
Massive computers, v few of them
2) desktop computing (80/90s)
1 computer at every desk, connected to intranets to global networks, everything wired
3) mobile computing (90/00s)
A few devices per person. Portable, connected to cellular networks or WLANs
4) ubiquitous computing (now)
Tens/hundreds of devices in every room, part of environment, invisible. Networking in small spaces WANs, LANs, PANs
Enabling technologies in MUC - what are they?
Wireless (data) communication Small for factor devices Personalisation Automatic identification Sensing and actuation Context awareness Ambient displays Tangible interfaces
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of wireless (data) communication?
Higher bandwidth
Lower power
Commodity (readily available and secure)
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of small form factor devices?
Shrinking electronics
Better displays
New input methods
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of personalisation?
Machine learning
Inference
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of automatic identification?
RFID, numbering schemes, network information services
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of sensing and actuation?
Mechanical, chemical, electric, bio
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of context awareness
Physical - properties of objects
Information - data, profile, provider
Social - identity, situation, role
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of ambient displays?
Public screens, interaction
In relation to enabling devices, what is the relevance of tangible interfaces?
Nothing in notes
Computer science and engineering issues around MUC - what are they?
Interaction design Security, privacy, trust Communications and networks Operating systems Hardware design Software design Plus social science
What are the issues around interaction design?
Interface - small interface, tangible interface, no interface, everywhere interface
Overcoming real estate shortage - new devices, voice, video, gestures, intelligence
How to address many systems rather than computers
Context awareness
What are the issues around trust?
Wireless systems Pervasive access points to network Implementing surveillance Overcoming surveillance Control Trust vs trust worthiness
What are the issues around communications and networking?
Home networks, PANs, ad-hoc networks, consumer electronics networks, public access networks.
New media - sound, chemicals, bio-sensing, feelings
New metrics - bits/s/m3
How to leverage all the available networks to provide global services (scope, scalability, standardisation
What are the issues around operating systems and middleware?
Resources - limited resources, power, heat, resource management
Generic vs specialised
Dependable - complexity, validation, verification
Mobile - time, performance, location, disconnection
Real time DSP
What are the issues around hardware design?
Small size, low weight, low power May have to be deployed in harsh environments. Production - cost sensitivity Fast product cycles Fast sensing capabilities
What are the issues around software design?
Has to cope with large variations in hardware.
Must cope with rapidly changing requirements.
Program the system rather than the device.
How to partition code so that it can be customised.
New, hierarchical, multi-context architectures
Describe context awareness in relation to MUC.
Physical environment: user location, presence of other people or objects in same location, environmental conditions.
Time: e.g. whether someone is occupied by other professional or physical concerns.
Device and network characteristics.
Information context: semantic knowledge regarding domain being investigated.
Social context
What are the elements that can be used for auto-identification?
Middleware for improved RFID reading accuracy.
Caching strategies for ONS performance.
Location tracking using WLAN and RFID data.
Systems architecture for ERP integration.
What is the benefit of applications?
Explore a new paradigm before we have a complete specification of the problem or question
