01 Instrument and Techniques Flashcards
2 branches of analytical chemistry
quantitative and qualitative
deals with identification of cmpds and mixtures
qualitative analysis
type of analysis employed in identification tests such as the ascertainment of impurities
qualitative
determination of the proportions of constituents
quantitative
type of analysis employed in limit tests
quantitative
also known as analytical method
volumetric/titrimetry/titrimetric method
solution of known concentration in titration
titrant
standardized solution in titration which is put in a buret
titrant
solution of unknown concentration in titration
analyte
sample to be titrated
analyte
substances found in erlenmeyer flask during titration
analyte and indicator
volume of titrant consumed during an analysis was taken as a measure of the amount of active constituent (analyte) in a sample being analyzed using a buret
volumetric/titrimetry/titrimetric method
experimental way of determining when equivalent amounts of reactants have reacted together
volumetric/titrimetry/titrimetric method
added to allow very pale color change indicating that the reaction proceeded to completion
indicator
also known as instrumental method
physicochemical method
based on some physical or chemical properties of the substance being analyzed
physicochemical/instrumental method
advantage of physicochemical/instrumental method
more accurate analysis
name the 6 instrumental techniques
chromatography, spectrometry, electrometry, thermal conductivity, refractometry, polarimetry
differential affinity of a component to the mobile or stationary phase; a separation technique
chromatography
used to measure the quantity of layers formed under TLC
densitometer
interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
spectrometry
in chromatography, which phase is represented by the solvent system
mobile phase
in chromatography, which phase is represented by the silica gel w/ Al backing
stationary phase
what is the relationship between transmittance and absorbance
inversely proportional
what is UV spectroscopy based on
absorption of UV light by a cmpd
measures the magnitude of potential charge and current
electrometry
unit for potential charge
volts
unit for current
amps
voltameter and potentiometer are instruments under what instrumental technique
electrometry
pertains to the interaction of material with heat
thermal conductivity
method of measuring the bending of light rays
refractometry
ratio of light velocity in air over light velocity in medium
refractive index
involves optical activity
polarimetry
power of rotating the plane of polarized light
optical activity
plane of polarized light which rotates clockwise
dextrorotatory
plane of polarized light which rotates counterclockwise
levorotatory
optically active substances which is 50% dextrorotatory and 50% levorotatory
racemic
shows the stimulus and measurement of response of an analytical instrument
block diagram
in a block diagram: heat, light, current and voltage represent what
stimulus
in a block diagram: input transducer is the ____
detector
in a block diagram: amplifier and digitizer represent what
signal processor
in a block diagram: meter, plotter and computer represent what
readout
method of analysis in which the determinations are based upon the measurements of weight
gravimetric method
in gravimetric method, the process of isolating and weighing of the final product with k____, p____, s_____ and d_____ chemical structure
known, pure, stable and definite
product in gravimetric method should be in what phase
solid
in gravimetric method, separation of element or compound from sample may be done by e______, p______, v_____, a_____ and i___ e______
extraction, precipitation, volatilization, adsorption and ion exchange
assay of MgO in Mg citrate oral solution belongs under this method of quantitative analysis
gravimetric method
assay of Na2SO4 in sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) belongs under this method of quantitative analysis
gravimetric method
miscellaneous methods
special method
method reserved for crude drugs and natural products
special method
for those which require a distinct type of technique
special method
assay of alkaloid belongs under this method of quantitative analysis
special method
assay of specific drug belongs under this method of quantitative analysis
special method
assay of volatile oils, fats and fixed oils belongs under this method of quantitative analysis
special method
content determination of water, alcohol, ash and nitrogen belong under this method of quantitative analysis
special method
biological and microbiological testing belong under this method of quantitative analysis
special method
potency of antibiotic in a given petri dish with a given bacteria belong under what method of quantitative analysis
special method
incineration belongs under this method of quantitative analysis
special method
involves acid-base pair reaction
neutralization
product of neutralization
salt and water (by-product)
neutralization reaction depends on the presence of which ions
hydrogen and hydroxide
also known as volumetric solution
titrant
titrant = acid; analyte = base
acidimetry
titrant = base; analyte = acid
alkalimetry
method where solutions are combined to form an insoluble substance (precipitate)
precipitation/precipimetry
Mohr belongs under this method of quantitative analysis
precipitation/precipimetry
Fajans belongs under this type of volumetric analysis
precipitation/precipimetry
Volhard belongs under this type of volumetric analysis
precipitation/precipimetry
Are there metals involved in precipitation/precipimetry
no
complexation happens when an insoluble complex is formed from a p_____ metal ion and a l_____
polyvalent, ligand
in a chelometry/complexation/complexometry reactions, the e- donor is called the
ligand
what type of ligand is EDTA in terms of the number of attachments it can provide
hexadentate ligand (6 attachments)
meaning of EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic
reaction between an oxidizing and reducing agent which results to the loss and gain of electrons
oxidation-reduction
basis of oxidation-reduction reaction
analytes lost or gained
meaning of VILEORA
valence increase, loss of electrons, undergoes oxidation, reducing agent
meaning of VDGEROA
valence decrease, gain of electrons, undergoes reduction, oxidizing agent
vs of permanganometry
KMnO4
vs of cerimetry
ceric SO4
vs of iodimetry
iodine soln
vs of iodometry
sodium thiosulfate
permanganometry, cerimetry, iodimetry and iodometry belong under what type of volumetric analysis
oxidation-reduction