01- Fundamentals Considerations on Text Production and Consumption

Question 1

-topic
-role of the writer
-purpose of the material
-target audience

Answer 1

factors that affect writing and speaking

Question 2

customizing your material for your audience and considering your level of expertise

Answer 2

topic

Question 3

affected by the purpose of the writer,
his/her knowledge of the topic, and the type of audience he/she will have.

Answer 3

role of the writer

Question 4

• to help other learn about a subject, carry out a task, or make a decision
  -to reinforce or change the attitude and motivate readers to take action

Answer 4

purpose of the material

Question 5

-an academic paper could be written for an instructor or a group of professors.
-a professional paper in the form of a
technical report is written for colleagues in your field

Answer 5

target audience

Question 6

-formality
-objectivity
-explicitness
-hedging

Answer 6

aspects of professional and academic language

Question 7

should be determined by the audience’s expectations and the writer’s purpose

Answer 7

formality

Question 8

levels of formality

Answer 8

-formal
-semi-formal
-informal

Question 9

writing or speaking to unknown person

Answer 9

formal

Question 10

writing or speaking with an individual that is well-known to
him/her.

Answer 10

semi-formal

Question 11

has no place in academic or professional writing

Answer 11

informal

Question 12

personal language
emotive language
judgemental language

Answer 12

objectivity

Question 13

only a support for the development of the main idea. It should not be the
main idea itself

Answer 13

personal language

Question 14

stir the emotion of the readers/listeners through superlatives and exaggeration

Answer 14

emotive language

Question 15

speaker/writer has come to a conclusion based on his/her previously-held beliefs rather than through a review of the relevant literature.

Answer 15

judgemental language

Question 16

-Use clear and direct language
-Stay away from figurative language

Answer 16

expliciteness

Question 17

-the use of linguistic devices to express hesitation or uncertainty as well as to demonstrate politeness and indirectness
-used to soften one’s words and to avoid making a direct statement, or committing to a particular action or
decision

Answer 17

hedging