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Science > 01: Digestive System + Cell Division > Flashcards

01: Digestive System + Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

The phase where food is broken down by chewing or mastication.

A

Mechanical Phase (of Digestion)

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2
Q

Ball-shaped mass.

A

Bolus

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3
Q

Enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins.

A

Pepsin

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4
Q

The process of breaking down large amounts of fat into smaller amounts.

A

Emulsification

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5
Q

Common passage way for digestion an respiration.

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

The phase where food is acted upon by chemical substances called enzymes.

A

Chemical Phase (of Digestion)

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7
Q

Enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in our mouths.

A

Amylase Pytalin

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8
Q

Absorbs useable food nutrients which are sent to all body parts by blood vessels.

A

Small Intestine

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9
Q

Organ that releases digestive juices into the small intestine.

A

Pancreas

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10
Q

The movement of food from the digestive system to the blood.

A

Absorption

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11
Q

Produces bile and cleanses the bloodstream

A

Liver

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12
Q

Enzyme that makes carbohydrates sweeter.

A

Amylase Pytalin

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13
Q

Produces pancreatic amylase which converts starch to maltase.

A

Pancreas

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14
Q

Largest organ in our body?

A

Liver

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15
Q

Receives, stores, churns, and digests bolus.

A

Stomach

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16
Q

Food that leaves the stomach in the form of yellow liquid which leaves a bitter aftertaste in the mouth.

A

Chyme

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17
Q

Produces digestive juices to further breakdown digestion.

A

Pancreas

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18
Q

Enzyme responsible for keeping our glucose leveled.

A

Insulin

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19
Q

The process wherein food is broken down.

A

Digestion

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20
Q

Food passageway between the mouth and the stomach

A

Esophagus

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21
Q

How long is the esophagus?

A

5-6 inches

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22
Q

Enzyme responsible for breaking down fats / lipids.

A

Lipase

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23
Q

Temporarily stores bile

A

Ball bladder

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24
Q

The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe

A

Epiglottis

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25
Organ responsible for our metabolism
Gall bladder
26
Wave-like movement of the muscles that pushes food through the stomach.
Peristalsis
27
Moves food mass in a small, soft ball to the rear of the mouth where it is swallowed.
Tongue
28
Stores unused, solid substances after water is removed.
Large intestine
29
The liquid in our mouth that helps lubricate the food
Saliva
30
Substances that softens food into bolus
Mucin
31
Regulates and releases the amount of food entering the small intestine
Pyloric Sphincter
32
Allows food into the stomach and keeps acids from entering the esophagus.
Cardiac Sphincter
33
Gastric juices produced in the stomach
- Mucus - Hydrochloric Acid - Pepsin
34
Hold, tear, and chew food
Teeth
35
Exit point for feces
Anus
36
The largest salivary gland
Parotid
37
A salivary gland located underneath your tongue
Sublingual
38
Vestigial organ
Appendix
39
Enzyme that converts starch to maltose
Pancreatic Amylase
40
Enzyme that breaks proteins into polypeptides
Pepsin
41
Lipase - lipids - fatty acids - _____ ?
Adipose tissues
42
Maintains the structure of the Kinetochore
Active Filaments
43
Where DNA is synthesized so chromosomes can replicate
G1, S Checkpoint
44
Resting phase
Interphase
45
Protein that coils around into DNA strands
Histone
46
Type of cell according to the # of chromosomes in mitosis?
Diploid
47
Point of attachment of chromosomes
Kinetochore
48
Stage where centromere splits and the cell will cleave. (Mitosis)
Anaphase
49
Number of daughter cells produced in mitosis?
2
50
of chromosomes produced in mitosis?
46
51
Final stage of mitosis
Telophase
52
Type of cell that undergo mitosis
Somatic Cells
53
Stage where cells prepare for division? (Mitosis)
Prophase
54
Symbol (mitosis)
2N
55
Holds together the daughter cells
Centromere
55
The stage where chromatids align themselves at the equator of the cell (mitosis)
Metaphase
57
Significance of Mitosis
- growth and development - to replace lost cells - to repair damaged cells
58
What are the metabolic activities happening during Interphase?
- protein synthesis - DNA replication - formation of organelles
59
Two phases of the Cell Cyle?
Interphase / Mitosis
60
2 sub phases of the M Phase / Mitosis?
Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis
61
What happens during Karyokinesis?
Nucleus divides
62
What happens during Cytokinesis?
Cytoplasmic division
63
Stage in Meiosis 1 where synapsis and crossing over happens?
Prophase 1
64
Stage in Meiosis where two haploid daughter cells are produced?
Telophase 1
65
Stage in Meiosis where tetrads align themselves?
Metaphase 1
66
Stage in Meiosis where homologous cells separate?
Anaphase 1
67
The pairing of the homologous chromosomes.
Tetrad
68
Chromosomes composed of two chromatids.
Dyad
69
Division of gametes
Meiosis
70
Homologous chromosomes pair or intertwine.
Synapsis / Crossing Over
71
A mature egg
Ovum
72
The two division sequences of Meiosis:
- meiosis 1 // reduction division | - meiosis 2 // equational division
73
Non-functional cells
Polar bodies
74
Significance of Meiosis:
- inheritance and variation of traits - continuity of inheritance - formation of sex cells - # of chromosomes reduced into halves
75
Symbol (Meiosis):
N
76
of daughter cells produced? (Meiosis)
4
77
Type of cell that undergo meiosis?
Sex / gamete/ reproductive cell
78
of chromosomes present in each cell (meiosis)?
23
79
Tiny, finger like projections found in the small intestine which takes the nutrients absorbed by the small intestine and let the blood vessels scatter it around the body.
Villi

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