01 Collecting Data

Question 1

Define Primary Data

Answer 1

Primary data is collected by, OR FOR, the person who is going to use it.

Question 2

Define Secondary Data

Answer 2

Secondary data has been collected by someone else

Question 3

Define Qualitative data

Answer 3

Non-numerical observations

Question 4

Define Quantitative data

Answer 4

Numerical observations or measurements

Question 5

Define Continuous data

Answer 5

Data that can take any value or had the possibility of being measured to an infinite degree of accuracy

Question 6

Define Discrete data

Answer 6

Can only take particular values

Question 7

Define Ordinal data

Answer 7

Data that is often sorted into natural order and often involves rankings. The spaces between the positions is not necessarily equal.

Question 8

Define Categorical data

Answer 8

Numeral or non-numerical data that is often sorted into non- overlapping categories so that each piece of data is only recorded once.

Question 9

Define Bivariate data

Answer 9

Involves 2 pieces of data involving the same subject.

Question 10

Define Multivariate data

Answer 10

Three or more data values that relate to a subject

Question 11

Define Judgement sampling

Answer 11

Using one’s judgemental skills to select a sample that’s representative of the population.

Question 12

Define Opportunity sampling

Answer 12

Only using the people/objects available at that time.

Question 13

Define Cluster sampling

Answer 13

When the data automatically splits into groups, like Geographical areas. The list of clusters is the sampling frame, and some clusters are randomly selected form it to make the sample.

Question 14

Define Systematic sampling

Answer 14

Choosing a random starting point, then choosing item at regular intervals after it. Egg Every 5th person from a list.

Question 15

Define Quota sampling

Answer 15

Grouping the population by characteristics such as gender or age, and interview a quota (number) from each group. E.g. 10 females who are over fifty.

Question 16

Define Stratified sampling

Answer 16

Dividing the population into subgroups called strata based on characteristics that they share. Once divided, the group is then randomly sampled using another probability sampling method.

Question 17

Define Random sampling

Answer 17

In which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 18

Define frequencies

Answer 18

The number of occurrences of a particular piece/group of data

Question 19

Define population

Answer 19

Everything/everybody that could be involved in an investigation

Question 20

Define census

Answer 20

A survey/test of the entire population

Question 21

Define sample

Answer 21

A survey/test of a part of the population

Question 22

How do you know if you are collecting reliable data?

Answer 22

Representing the population would result in similar results

Question 23

Define sampling frame

Answer 23

List of all the sampling units

Question 23

Deifne sampling units

Answer 23

People//items to be sampled

Question 24

What does the Petersen capture/recapture method assume? [4 points]

Answer 24

- Population has not changed - Probability of being caught is equal - Marks tags are detectable and not lost - Sample size is big enough to be representative of the whole population

Question 25

What is the formula for the Petersen capture/recapture method?

Answer 25

N (Total population) = [M (no. tagged in populatio) * n (total sample size)]/m (no. tagged in sample)

Question 26

List three advantages of primary data

Answer 26

(any one of the following:) - Accurate - Reliable - Collection method known - Can find answers to specific questions

Question 27

List three advantages of secondary data

Answer 27

- easy - cheap - fast

Question 28

List three disadvantages of primary data

Answer 28

- Time-consuming - Costly Labour intensive to collect/analyse