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00-00-00: clin path sheet > 01 - chem > Flashcards

01 - chem Flashcards

1
Q

(glucose)

  1. 6 causes of increased glucose?
A

post-prandial

stress

DM

pancreatitis

cushings (dog)

hyperthyroid (dog)

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2
Q

(glucose)

6 causes of decrease

A
  1. liver failure
  2. sepsis
  3. young animals/small dogs
  4. hypoadrenocorticism (dogs)
  5. hypothyroidism (dogs)
  6. paraneoplastic (insulinoma)
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3
Q

(BUN)

4 causes of increase

A
  1. dec GFR
  2. high protein diet
  3. GI hemorrhage
  4. ^protein catabolism
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4
Q

(BUN)

4 causes of decrease

A
  1. liver failure/shunt
  2. low protein diet
  3. PU/PD
  4. ^body water (young animals)
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5
Q

(creatinine)

two causes of ^

A

high dietary protein

decreased GFR

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6
Q

(creatinine)

two causes of decrease?

A

trick question!

decrease not significant

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7
Q

(magnesium)

1 cause of increase?

A

decreased GFR

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8
Q

(magnesium)

1 cause of decrease?

A

critical care patients

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9
Q

(albumin)

1 cause of increase?

A

dehydration

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10
Q

(albumin)

3 causes of decrease with normal/high globulin?

A
  1. dec prod (liver failure)
  2. selective glomerular loss
  3. nutrition (must be severe)
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11
Q

(albumin)

5 causes of decrease w/ low globulin

A

1-4. non-selective losses (hemorrhage, third space loss, burns, GI)

  1. dilutional
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12
Q

(globulin)

3 causes of increase

A
  1. colostrum
  2. inflammaton (polyclonal)
  3. neoplasia (monoclonal)

(2 and 3 due to ^production)

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13
Q

(globulin)

5 causes of decrease

A
  1. non selective loss (hemorrhage, 3rd space loss, burns, GI)
  2. dilutional
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14
Q

(sodium)

4 causes of increase

A
  1. decreased water intake
  2. loss of water in excess of sodium (some diarrheas, panting, renal water loss that exceeds sodium loss)
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15
Q

(sodium)

  1. 3 causes of decrease from greater loss of Na than water
A
  1. some diarrhea
  2. renal dz
  3. diuretics
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16
Q

(sodium)

4 causes of decrease due to loss of Na + H2O w/ replacement of H2O

A
  1. exudative skin lesions
  2. third space loss
  3. some diarrhea
  4. hemorrhage
17
Q

(sodium)

4 causes of decrease due to dilution

A
  1. hyperglycemia
  2. CHF
  3. renal failure
  4. pregnancy
18
Q

(chloride)

parallel to Na

two other causes of ^

A
  1. metabolic acidosis
  2. KBr interference
19
Q

(chloride)

decrease parallel to sodium

if not consider what?

A

acid/base abnormalities

20
Q

(potassium)

4 causes of increase?

A
  1. iatrogenic
  2. renal retention (hyperadrenocorticism)
  3. transcellular shift (metabolic acidosis, insulin deficiency)
21
Q

(potassium)

8 causes of decrease

A
  1. dec intake
  2. ^ loss (GI, renal, 3rd space, cutaneous)
  3. intracellular shift (alkalosis, insulin, glucose)
22
Q

(ALP)

4 causes of increase

(decrease not significant)

A
  1. cholestasis
  2. bone growth
  3. corticosteroids
  4. anticonvulsants
23
Q

(GGT)

3 causes of increase

(decrease not significant)

A
  1. cholestasis
  2. glucocorticoids
  3. anticonvulsants
24
Q

(ALT)

2 causes of increase

A
  1. liver injury
  2. muscle injury
25
Q

(AST)

2 causes of increase

(decrease not significant)

A
  1. liver injury
  2. muscle injury
26
Q

(cholesterol)

8 causes of increase

A
  1. post prandial
  2. hypothyroidism
  3. DM
  4. liver dz w/ post hepatic cholestasis
  5. pancreatitis
  6. hyperadrenocorticism
  7. renal dz
  8. dietary
27
Q

(cholesterol)

3 causes of decrease

A
  1. PSS
  2. hypoadrenocorticism
  3. lymphangiectasia
28
Q

(triglycerides)

8 causes of increase

(same as cholesterol)

A
  1. post prandial
  2. hypothyroidism
  3. DM
  4. liver dz w/ post hepatic cholestasis
  5. pancreatitis
  6. hyperadrenocorticism
  7. renal dz
  8. dietary
29
Q

(amylase)

4 causes of increase

A
  1. low GFR (2-3x)
  2. pancreatic injry
  3. GI disease
  4. hepatic dz
30
Q

(lipase)

4 causes of increase

A

low GFR

pancreatic injury

hepatic dz

corticosteroids

00-00-00: clin path sheet (2 decks)

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