01 - Animal Tissues Flashcards
What are the 4 main types of animal tissues
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
4 examples for Simple epithelia
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Speciality of simple squamous epithelia and its examples
Thin and leaky, found where materials exchange by diffusion
Ex. Blood capillaries and alveoli
Features of simple cuboidal epithelium and examples
Dice shaped cells specialized for secretion
Ex. Kidney tubules, thyroid gland, Salivary gland
Single called, and large brick shaped
Places where secretion and active absorption is important
Ex. Intestinal lining
Importance of pseudostratified coloumnar epithelium and examples
Ciliated cells that form a mucus membrane and the cilia help to sweep mucus along the surface
Example of Compound epithelia and its features and location
Stratified squamous epithelium
Number of layers of cells that regenerate rapidly
Found on surfaces that are subjected to abrasion
Ex. Outer skin, lining of mouth, anus, vagina
Different types of cells that can be found in the matrix of connective tissues and their function?(5)
Fibroblasts (Secrete fiber proteins)
Macrophages (engulf foreign particles or cell Debris by phagocytosis)
Mast cells (secrete heparin and histamine)
Fat cells (Storage and insulation)
Leukocytes (Protection)
What are the three different types of fibers?
Collagen fibers (Provide strength and flexibility)
Reticular fibers (Join connective tissues and adjacent tissues)
Elastic fibers (make tissues elastic)
General functions of connective tissues (4)
Binding and structural support
Protection
Transport of materials
Insulation
What are the different types of connective tissues? (6)
Loose connective tissue (Areolar tissue)
Fibrous connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Blood tissue
Cartilage
Bone
What is the most widely distributed connective tissue in vertebrate body and functions and location
All types of cells and fibers are found here
Binds epithelia to underlying tissue
Holds organs in place
Found under skin and throughout the body
Functions of fibrous connective tissue and locations
Densely packed with collagen fibers
Matrix is reduced and contains lesser cells
Found in tendons and ligaments
Adipose tissues and it’s functions
Packed with adipose cells and each adipose cell contains a large fat droplet which pads and insulates the body
Stores fuel and fat molecules
Found under the skin that acts and thermal insulator and energy store.
Contents of blood Plasma and functions of blood?
Salts,water, WBC, RBC and platelets
Involve in transport of materials, defense and osmoregulation.
Details about cartilage and location
Tissue consists of a matrix composed of chondroitin sulphate
And collagen fibers and chondrocytes and embedded in the matrix
Chondrocytes secrete chondroitin sulphate and collagen fibers.
It provides support and flexibility in places such as trachea and intervertebral disks
Constituents of bone matrix and salts?
Bone matrix consists of collagen fibers, salts such as Calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions
What are osteoblasts and what are osteocytes?
And what are the repeating units?
Osteoblasts - Bone forming cells
Osteocytes - Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue (enclosed within lacunae
Osteons are the repeating units
Describe smooth muscles
Spindle shaped and uninucleated
Involve in involuntary body functions
Found in digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries and other internal organs
Describe skeletal muscle tissue
Composed of bundles of long cells with multi nuclei and striated
Contractile units know as sarcomeres
Involves in voluntary body movements
Describe cardiac muscle tissue
And what does intercalated disks do?
Uninucleated cells interconnected via intercalated discs that helps to relay signals from cell to cell and synchronize heart contractions.
Striated with sarcomeres
What do neurons and Neuroglial cells do?
Neurons receive process and transmit nerve impulses
Neuroglial cells are supportive cells that nourish, insulates, replenish and sometimes modulate neurons functions.
Parts of the neuron and function
Neuron is the basic structural unit of nervous system.
Dendrites and cell body is used to receive nerve impulses from other neurons
Axon is used to transmit impulses to other neurons, cells or muscles.
