Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perio Banter > 01 Anatomy of the Periodontium > Flashcards

01 Anatomy of the Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the periodontium?

A
  1. Tooth support and attachment
  2. Mechanosensory feedback and protection
  3. Nourish tooth and surrounding structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What determines the shape of the interdental papilla?

A
  1. Contact relationship between teeth
  2. Width of proximal surfaces of teeth
  3. Course of CEJ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What shape is the interdental papilla of:

a) anterior
b) posterior

A

a) Pyramidal

b) More flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the col related? How does its structure affect its clinical significance?

A
  • Soft tissue valley at the interdental papilla
  • Non-keratinised
  • Provides path of least resistance for bacteria to invade CT, more likely to have deep PDs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the structure of attached gingiva.

A
  • Parakeratinised masticatory mucosa
  • No submucosa, LP attached directly to underlying AB
  • Firm, coral pink
  • Stippling in 40% of adults
  • FGG (coronal border) in 30-40% of adults
  • MGJ (apical border) stable throughout life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the widest and narrowest band of KG in the maxillary arch?

A
  • Widest: Incisors

- Narrowest: Premolars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the widest and narrowest band of KG in the mandibular arch?

A
  • Widest buccal: Incisors
  • Narrowest buccal: Premolars
  • Widest lingual: Molars
  • Narrowest lingual: Incisors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of KG/AG?

A
  1. Protect periodontium from mechanical injury
  2. Dissipate pulling forces on gingival margin (Friedman 1957)
  3. Resist attachment loss and soft tissue recession (Ruben 1979)
  4. Discourage subgingival plaque formation from improper pocket closure (Friedman 1962)
  5. Favour removal of food particles during mastication and proper OH practices with adequate vestibular depth (Carranza and Carraro 1970)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is it important to have KG/AG?

A

Preferable, but not necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the differences between thin and thick periodontal phenotypes?

A

Profile. Texture. Width. Shape. Bone. Reaction.

  1. Profile: thin has highly scalloped vs. thick has relatively soft tissue and bone contours
  2. Soft tissue texture: thin is delicate and friable vs. thick is dense and fibrotic
  3. Width of KG/AG: thin has minimal amounts vs. thick has relatively large amounts
  4. Bone thickness: thin has a thin bone with bony dehiscences and fenestrations vs. thick has thick bony ledges
  5. Reaction to insults: thin reacts readily with gingival recession vs. thick relatively resistant to acute trauma and reacts with pocket/intrabony defect formation (greater PDs)
  6. Shape of tooth: thin is triangular vs. thick is square
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What methods are available to determine gingival phenotype?

A
  1. Visual inspection (Kao et al 2008)
  2. Transgingival probing (Claffey and Shanley 1986)
  3. Probe transparency (Kan et al 2003 - preferred)
  4. Ultrasonic device (Muller et al 1999)
  5. CBCT (Januario et al 2008)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is probe transparency the preferred method to determine gingival phenotype?

A
  1. Fast
  2. Cheap
  3. Easy to do
  4. Part of periodontal probing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 types of gingival epithelium?

A
  1. Oral epithelium
  2. Sulcular epithelium
  3. Junctional epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Compare the relative thickness of gingival tissue.

A
  • Epithelium = 0.5mm
  • LP = 1mm
  • Glandular tissue = 1.5mm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the structure and clinical significance of sulcular epithelium.

A
  • Extends from crest of gingival margin to base of the gingival crevice, lines gingival sulcus
  • Merges seamlessly with JE
  • Non-keratinised/parakeratinised SSE
  • Acts as semi-permeable membrane allowing injurious bacterial products pass into gingiva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the structure and function of junction epithelium.

A
  • Epithelial collar surrounding teeth
  • Extends from CEJ to the base of the sulcus (up to 2mm)
  • Non-keratinised SSE 15-30 cells thick at the base and tapers off to a single cell apically
  • 3-4 cell layers thick but increases to 10-20 layers with age
  • Length of JE depends on stage of eruption, physiological migration with age and response to inflammation
  • Attachment to the tooth by hemidesmosomes via cell-to-cell attachment, also acts as a specific site for signal transduction to regulate gene expression, cell proliferation and differentiation
  • Barrier against bacterial invasion, rapid turnover as JE repairs in 5-7 days (Taylor and Campbell 1971)
17
Q

What is GCF and its functions?

A
  • Gingival crevicular fluid seeps into the gingival sulcus from gingival CT, through sulcular epithelium
  • GCF increases during inflammation
  • Cleans material from the sulcus
  • Plasma proteins to improve adhesion of epithelium to tooth
  • Antimicrobial properties
  • Antibody activity to defend gingiva
18
Q

What are the components of gingival connective tissue (LP)?

A

Major components embedded in amorphous ground substance (matrix):

  • Collagen fibers (60% CT vol)
  • Fibroblasts (5% CT vol)
  • Vessels and nerves (35% CT vol)

Cell types:

  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Mast cells
  3. Macrophages
  4. Inflammatory cells (PMN leukocytes, lymphocytes & plasma cells)
19
Q

How do the features of gingival collagen relate to its function?

A
  • Mainly type I collagen arranged in dense principal bundles
  • Faster turnover rate than other parts of the oral cavity
  • Papillary layer: finger-like extensions in depressions delineated by rete ridges
  • Reticular layer: located beneath rete ridges
  • Support free gingiva
  • Bind attached gingiva to AB and teeth, thus resisting masticatory loads
20
Q

What are the 5 types of CT fibers?

A
  1. Circular fibers
  2. Alveolo-gingival
  3. Dento-gingival
  4. Dento-periosteal
  5. Trans-septal
21
Q

What are the functions of CT fibers?

A
  1. Provide rigidity to withstand forces of mastication
  2. Brace marginal gingiva firmly against tooth
  3. Unite free marginal gingival with root cementum and adjacent attached gingiva
22
Q

What are the 5 types of PDL fibers?

A
  1. Alveolar crest
  2. Horizontal
  3. Oblique
  4. Apical
  5. Inter-radicular
23
Q

Describe the structure and function of the LP matrix.

A
  • Produced mainly by fibroblasts
  • Medium to embed CT cells
  • Main constituents are protein-carbohydrate macromolecules
  • Essential for the maintenance of normal function of CT
  • Transportation of water, electrolytes, nutrients, and metabolites between CT cells to maintain osmotic pressure
  • Provides resilience of gingiva
24
Q

Describe the blood supply of the periodontium.

A

Before entering socket: superior/inferior alveolar artery > dental artery > intra-septal artery

Entered socket: rami perforantes > penetrates bundle bone and anastomoses with periodontal vessels in PDL space > blood vessels in PDL form a polyhedral network surrounding the roo

Free gingiva collateral circulation receives blood from:

  1. Supraperiosteal blood vessels
  2. PDL blood vessels
  3. AB blood vessels
25
Q

What nerve supplies:

  1. Labial gingiva of upper 1-5
  2. Buccal gingiva of upper molars
  3. Palatal gingiva of upper 3-8
  4. Palatal gingiva of upper incisors
  5. Upper teeth
  6. Labial gingiva of lower 1-5
  7. Buccal gingiva of lower molars
  8. Lingual gingiva
  9. Lower teeth and PDL
A
  1. Labial gingiva of upper 1-5: anterior-superior and middle-superior alveolar nerve (branches of infraorbital nerve)
  2. Buccal gingiva of upper molars: posterior-superior alveolar nerve
  3. Palatal gingiva of upper 3-8: greater palatine nerve
  4. Palatal gingiva of upper incisors: nasopalatine nerve
  5. Upper teeth: superior alveolar plexus
  6. Labial gingiva of lower 1-5: mental nerve
  7. Buccal gingiva of lower molars: buccal nerve
  8. Lingual gingiva: sublingual nerve
  9. Lower teeth and PDL: inferior alveolar plexus

Perio Banter (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions