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Question 1

What is the fluid of choice for hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic ALKalosis?

Answer 1

normal saline 0.9% NaCl

Question 2

what is NS 0.9% good for replacing

Answer 2

GI losses

hypokalemia assoc with metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

what are 5% and 25% dextrose good for replacing

Answer 3

hypoglycemic states

Question 4

in what patient population do you NEVER say to put vaseline in the nose after epistaxis?

Answer 4

patients who wear oxygen (they’ll catch on fire)

Question 5

bird and bat poop in river valley areas causes what fungal disease

Answer 5

Histoplasmosis

Question 6

WHEN histoplasmosis shows symptoms, what might they be?

Answer 6

F/C, gross wet cough, mouth ulcers, joint pains

Question 7

what causes acute pulmonary eosinophilia? (nonspecific symptoms)

Answer 7

certain drugs, parasitic infx, nickel, blood transfusion

Question 8

how do you treat acute pulmonary eosinophilia?

Answer 8

abx, steroids

Question 9

what lung disease is caused by inhaling fungus in desert soil?

Answer 9

coccidiodomycosis

Question 10

how do you treat pulmonary actinomycosis

Answer 10

PCN

Question 11

how do you treat coccidomycosis

Answer 11

nothing but amphotericin B if bad

Question 12

how do you treat pulmonary asbestosis

Answer 12

supportive

Question 13

a patient with a long-standing history of dysphagia, refractory heartburn, chest pain, and food impaction - what should you consider, esp if a white male with allergies?

Answer 13

Eosinophilia esophagitis

Question 14

you see leukocoria on a newborn exam. what do you worry about?

Answer 14

retinoblastoma

Question 15

what does pasireotide (signifor) do?

Answer 15

it’s a somatostatin analog, thus inhibits ACTH leading to less cortisol

Question 16

what is a normal fetal HR?

Answer 16

110-160

Question 17

what range is suspicious tachycardia of a fetus?

Answer 17

150-170

Question 18

what is pathological tachy of a fetus?

Answer 18

170+

Question 19

what does fetal tachycardia OR fetal bradycardia indicate?

Answer 19

fetal tachy: early sign of asphyxia

fetal brady: late sign of asphyxia

Question 20

what is the position of the childrens legs at: birth, 12-18 months, 3-4 years, and thereafter?

Answer 20

birth: genu varum
12-18mo: straight
3-4y: genu valgum
after: straight

Question 21

in which patients is ToF common?

Answer 21

FAS, Downs syndrome, mothers who didn’t receive prenatal care

Question 22

“boot shaped heart”

Answer 22

ToF

Question 23

in “tet spells” the baby turns blue, and this usually happens after _____

Answer 23

crying, feeding, pooping

Question 24

in the first 6 weeks of life, the baby has poor feeding, poor weight gain, and dyspnea. what are you worried about?

Answer 24

coarctation of the aorta

VSD

Question 25

which heart defect at birth can be a neonatal emergency?

Answer 25

pulmonary stenosis

Question 26

what is the most common congenital heart disease?

Answer 26

VSD

Question 27

a ruptured blood vessel causes bleeding into the parenchyma of the brain. this is?

Answer 27

lobar intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 28

inflammation and pus between the dura and the skull/spine. this is?

Answer 28

epidural abscess

Question 29

inflammation and pus in the brain tissue. this is?

Answer 29

cerebral abscess