01 Flashcards
What are the reasons networking was created?
file sharing, email, device sharing
connected computers are network memebers, often reffered to as ________
nodes or hosts
a _______________ consists of a transmitter and a receiver, a transmission signaling method, and a medium to carry the signal
transmission method
What protocol suite was developed by Novell/Apple/IBM?
IPX/SPX, Appletalk, SNA
What is a small area network, limited to a single collection of nodes?
LAN
What links two or more separate areas/LANS and spans a relatively large area?
WAN
__________ Computers connect with each other in a workgroup to share files, printers, and internet access. There is no server
Peer-to-Peer network
_________ There is usually a central server to which all computers communicate with
Client-Server Network
What are the two fundamental roles any computer plays in a network?
Client, server
The _______ is a globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information capabilities for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing information used by war fighters, policy makers, and support personal
DoDin
_________ is the DoD’s unclassified but sensitive internet protocol Router Network
NIPRnet
_________ is the military’s classified tunnel carried over NIPRNET. It provides a secure transmission of data up to the secret classification level
SIPRnet
________ Is the DoD’s network handling up to top secret classified information, a collection of equipment and circuits that are independent of the internet
JWICS
What network topology is daisy chained and what are its disadvantages?
bus, if one node every node fails after it goes down.
What topology has a concentrator/hub device that acts as a central point for all cabling and what are its disadvantages?
star, If the host/server fails then all the nodes go down
What topology connects devices in a complete ring and what are its disadvantages?
ring, failure of one node brings down the whole network
What network topology is IEEE 803.5/token
Token ring, you can only talk if you have the talking stick
What topology has every device connect to every other device via more than one route?
mesh
A ______ consists of at least two machines with redundant connections
partial mesh
A ________ is an organized grouping of devices where every device connects to one another
full mesh topology
What formula tells you the number of connections you need for a network?
n(n-1)/2
What topology combines the aspects of bus, star, or ring topologies into one network?
hybrid technology
What two topologies connect to a hub device and what makes them different?
Star, point-to-multipoint (computers communicate with a hub however they don’t speak directly to each other and only the hub device)
What is sued to carry communication signals and what attributes tell you they type to use?
network medium, network topology, protocol, size
What are the characteristics of coaxial cables?
a single copper conductor at its center, a plastic cladding that provides insulation between the center conductor, and a braided metal conductor that serves as a shield
What is Twisted pair cabling and its two types?
multiple pairs of copper wire twisted along the length of the cable. STP(Sheileded, includes cladding) UTP(Unshielded)
What categories of twisted pair are there?
CAT 1,8,5,6
straight through cables is for connecting __________
different devices
cross over cables is for connecting _________
like devices
________ transmits pulses of lights rather then electrical signals eliminating the problem of EMI, radio frequency interference, or inductance.
fiber optic
What grade is single-mode in a fiber optic cable?
single strand of small diameter glass fiber providing a single transmission path (fast but less data, long distance)
What grade is multi-mode in a fiber optic cable?
larger diameter core then single mode and supports multi propagation paths and data streams (slow but more data, short distance)
What is a Wireless Access Point?
translates between the wireless and wired networks
What is a Service Set Identifier?
network name, that uniquely designates and separates each wireless network
What is Baseband?
uses only a single fixed frequency to send a signal that occupies the cables entire carrying capacity (can only send/receive one way)
What is Broadband?
carries multiple channels on a single cable, where one channel is required to send and another to receive (can send/receive both ways at the samtetime)
What is data signaling methods and its two types?
used to carry transmitted signals on network media.
digital carries data using two values of elecetrical voltage (off/on)
Analog: continues varying waveform data like sound
What is a modem?
devices that convert a digital to analog signal and vice versa
___________ is the combination of voice, data, video, pictures, and many other features available today
Digital and telecommunications convergence
The _______ is the world’s collection of interconnected voice-oriented public telephone networks, What shares the same structure as this?
PTSN, Internet
Digital signal (DS) and Trunk (T) standards are used to describe digital data circuits on many type of connections from ________
Optical Carrier (OC) use _________
copper, fiber optic, wireless (everything)
only fiber optic
__________ Is an international communications standard for sending voice, data, and video over telephone lines.
Integrated devices Digital Network (ISDN)
_______ Is a modulation scheme to pack data onto copper lines or existing telephone lines, what do each of the three types do?
Asymmetric DSL
Symmetric DSl
Very High Bitrate DSL
Digital subscriber line
faster downstream
equal data rates
up to 100mbs
_____ supports data, voice, and video in real time using 53-byte fixed length cells
ATM
________ is a high-speed, digital networking standard that soecfies data rates over fiber optic conenctions *ATM for fiber optic
SONET
The area on the earth that satellite signals hit is called the _______
footprint
_________ orbit below 12000 miles and tend to orbit the earth multiple times per day
low-orbit satellites
In _______ the satellite appears to hang motionless over a point on the equator
Geostationary orbit
An _______ tranists an oval shaped path and comes closest to the earth at a point called the ______ The orbital path farthest form the earth is called the _______
elliptical orbit, perigee, apogee
_________ networking services such as data video, voice, and fax information delivered using geostationary satellites *starlink
VSAT
What topology involves only one satellite hop to complete the path?
Mesh Topology
What topology involves two satellite hops to complete the path?
Star Toplogy
In VSAT what is a point-to-point communication?
Communications occur between two or more earth stations.
In VSAT what is a point-to-multipoint communication?
one transmitter and multiple receivers
In VSAT what is a multipoint-to-point communication?
multiple transmitters and one receiver acting as a hub
__________ is a control system architecture that uses a unified concept of computers, sensors, network data communications
Supervisory control and data Aquisition (SCADA)
________ is a family of protocols developed in 1979 that is used for SCADA communications
Modbus
What are some limitations of Modbus RTU?
slow transfer speeds, length limit of 10 feet
What is ModBus TCP?
allows Modbus communications to be transmitted over ethernet
What can be used to describe SCADA Architectures?
Automation Pyramid
What are the levels of the automation pyramid?
Managment
Planning
Supervisory
Control
Field
management(ERP, suite of applications that oversee everything)
Planning(MES, keeps performance and statistics)
Supervisory(HMI, engineer dude monitoring everything)
Control(PLCs logic gates, turn off at this time)
Field(senors, detectors, hardware, etc)
What is a Heartbeat network
One node dies then another node takes over
What are the benefits of modern SCADA systems?
flexibility, open-source system design, using the cloud
