01|02: DNA Flashcards
What are the four deoxyribonucleotides that make up DNA?
A) Deoxyadenylate (A), Deoxyguanylate (G), Deoxycytidylate (C), and Uridylate (U)
B) Deoxyadenylate (A), Deoxyguanylate (G), Deoxycytidylate (C), and Thymidylate (T)
C) Adenylate (A), Guanylate (G), Cytidylate (C), and Thymidylate (T)
D) Adenylate (A), Uridylate (U), Cytidylate (C), and Thymidylate (T)
B) Deoxyadenylate (A), Deoxyguanylate (G), Deoxycytidylate (C), and Thymidylate (T)
Which bonds connect the deoxyribonucleotides in DNA?
A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Glycosidic bonds
C) 3’ to 5’ phospho diester bonds
D) Peptide bonds
C) 3’ to 5’ phospho diester bonds
What three components form a nucleotide?
A) Base, sugar, phosphate group
B) Base, protein, carbohydrate
C) Base, lipid, sugar
D) Sugar, protein, phosphate group
A) Base, sugar, phosphate group
In DNA, which hydroxyl group on the sugar of one nucleotide combines with the hydroxyl group of another nucleotide through a phosphate group?
A) 2’-hydroxyl and 3’-hydroxyl
B) 3’-hydroxyl and 5’-hydroxyl
C) 5’-hydroxyl and 2’-hydroxyl
D) 1’-hydroxyl and 4’-hydroxyl
B) 3’-hydroxyl and 5’-hydroxyl
Which sequence of deoxyribonucleotides is connected by phospho-diester linkages in the provided example?
A) Thymidine, Uridine, Adenosine
B) Cytidine, Thymidine, Guanosine
C) Thymidine, Cytidine, Adenosine
D) Adenosine, Guanosine, Thymidine
C) Thymidine, Cytidine, Adenosine
Why is the base sequence in DNA of paramount importance?
A) It determines the DNA’s shape.
B) It codes the genetic information.
C) It affects the DNA’s polarity.
D) It determines the strength of DNA.
Why is the base sequence in DNA of paramount importance?
A) It determines the DNA’s shape.
B) It codes the genetic information.
C) It affects the DNA’s polarity.
D) It determines the strength of DNA.
What happens if the base sequence in DNA is altered?
A) The DNA becomes unstable.
B) The information is also altered.
C) The DNA doubles in length.
D) The DNA turns into RNA.
B) The information is also altered.
Which part of the DNA molecule remains the same in all repeating nucleotides?
A) The base sequence
B) The deoxyribose and phosphodiester linkages
C) The 5’ and 3’ ends
D) The hydrogen bonds
B) The deoxyribose and phosphodiester linkages
In what direction is the DNA base sequence always written?
A) 3’ end to 5’ end
B) 5’ end to 3’ end
C) 2’ end to 3’ end
D) 1’ end to 5’ end
B) 5’ end to 3’ end
What does the polarity of a DNA molecule refer to?
A) The electrical charge of DNA
B) The direction in which the base sequence is read
C) The type of bonds present in DNA
D) The interaction between DNA strands
B) The direction in which the base sequence is read
What is the structural form of DNA according to the Watson-Crick model?
A) Left-handed single helix
B) Right-handed double helix
C) Left-handed double helix
D) Right-handed single helix
B) Right-handed double helix
In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, what do the sugar and phosphate groups represent?
A) The steps of the staircase
B) The handrail of the staircase
C) The bases of the DNA
D) The twists of the helix
B) The handrail of the staircase
According to Chargaff’s rule, which base pairs with adenine (A) in DNA?
A) Guanine (G)
B) Cytosine (C)
C) Thymine (T)
D) Uracil (U)
C) Thymine (T)
How many hydrogen bonds are there between cytosine (C) and guanine (G) in DNA?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
C) Three
What does it mean that the two DNA strands are antiparallel?
A) Both strands run in the 5’ to 3’ direction
B) Both strands run in the 3’ to 5’ direction
C) One strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and the other in the 3’ to 5’ direction
D) The strands run in opposite helical directions
C) One strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and the other in the 3’ to 5’ direction
How are the DNA strands held together in the double helix?
A) Covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate groups
B) Ionic bonds between nitrogenous bases
C) Hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases
D) Disulfide bonds between amino acids
C) Hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases
How many hydrogen bonds exist between adenine (A) and thymine (T) in DNA?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
B) Two
Which base pair forms a stronger bond in DNA due to having more hydrogen bonds?
A) Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)
B) Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)
C) Adenine (A) and Cytosine (C)
D) Guanine (G) and Thymine (T)
B) Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)
What does it mean for the DNA strands to be antiparallel?
A) Both strands run in the 5’ to 3’ direction
B) One strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and the other in the 3’ to 5’ direction
C) Both strands run in the 3’ to 5’ direction
D) The strands twist in opposite directions
B) One strand runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and the other in the 3’ to 5’ direction
What does denaturation of DNA refer to?
A) Breaking of phosphodiester bonds
B) Separation of DNA strands due to alkali or heat
C) Formation of new DNA strands
D) Recombination of DNA strands with other molecules
B) Separation of DNA strands due to alkali or heat
What occurs during the renaturation or annealing of DNA?
A) DNA strands are separated by heat and then re-formed by base pairing when temperature is lowered
B) DNA strands are permanently denatured
C) DNA is degraded by enzymes
D) New DNA strands are synthesized from RNA templates
A) DNA strands are separated by heat and then re-formed by base pairing when temperature is lowere
What is hybridization in the context of DNA?
A) Formation of DNA from RNA
B) Pairing of a single DNA strand with complementary sequences on another strand of DNA or RNA
C) Breaking of hydrogen bonds between base pairs
D) Synthesis of new DNA strands from nucleotides
B) Pairing of a single DNA strand with complementary sequences on another strand of DNA or RNA
