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004 DNA and protein synthesis > 004 > Flashcards

004 Flashcards

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1
Q

If the base sequence on one strand of the DNA molecule is ACTCGCTCGA. What is the sequence of the bases on the other strand?

A

TGAGCGAGCT

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2
Q

Watson and Crick determined the double helix structure of DNA in 1953. Which of the following statements
describes the bonding patterns between different nucleotides?

A

Two hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine, while three hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine.

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3
Q

A segment of a DNA molecule contains 34% C. What will be the proportion of G and T this segment of
DNA?

A

G= 34% and T=16%

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4
Q

A mutation in the DNA sequence caused the amino acid isoleucine to be replaced by threonine in the polypeptide chain. What nitrogenous base changed in the DNA sequence?

(use amino acid chart)

A

adenine

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5
Q

Which of the following DNA sequences codes for the polypeptide chain: cysteine-lysine-aspartic acid?

(use amino acid chart)

A

ACGTTCCTG

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6
Q

Which of the following amino acid is carried by a tRNA with an anticodon “CUU”?

(use amino acid chart)

A

glutamic acid

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7
Q

In which of the following parts of the cell is chromatin produced?

A

The nucleus

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8
Q

The sequence of three nitrogenous bases that make up a codon is on the…

A

mRNA

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9
Q

Which of the following occurs at the ribosome?

A

codons bond to anticodons by complementary base pairing

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10
Q

Which of the following is an example of a use of recombinant DNA?

A

producing therapeutic proteins in an animal’s milk

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11
Q

What does transcription produce?

A

mRNA

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12
Q

DNA is a polymer made up of

A

nucleotides

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13
Q

Replication results in a molecule that is

A

a polymer made up of nucleotides.

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14
Q

Which of the following statements describes the functions of the enzymes involved in replication?

  1. ligase - unwinds the double helix
  2. helicase - breaks hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine
  3. DNA polymerase - checks and fixes mistakes made during complementary base
    pairing
A

2 and 3 only

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15
Q

what enzyme is used next to seal the foreign DNA into the vector?

A

DNA ligase

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16
Q

Which of the following describes why it was important for the Human Genome Project to sequence the
genomes of other organisms before they were able to complete the human genome sequence?

  1. to compare genomes
  2. to study the structure and function of cellular proteins
  3. to have a more comprehensive understanding of genomes
A

1 and 3 only

17
Q

Which of the following are issues that need to be considered when regulating the use of transgenic organisms?

  1. health effects
  2. environmental threats
  3. social and economic issues
A

all of the above

18
Q

Describe the three structural components that make up the unit molecule of the polymer DNA.

A
  1. deoxyribose sugar - 5-carbon sugar (pentose)
  2. phosphate group - makes up the backbone of the DNA molecule
  3. nitrogenous bases - purines (double-ring structures) are guanine and adenine and pyrimidines (single-ring
    structures) are cytosine and thymine
19
Q

What process produces copies of DNA and where does this take place? Why is this process important?

A

-it ensures that the genetic information of an organism is passed on from the original strand to the new strand
(from the parent to the daughter cells)

  • It ensures that the genes of an organism is passed on from one cell to another
  • it ensures growth and repair
20
Q

Describe the role of two important enzymes in recombinant DNA technology.

A

Two important enzymes in DNA technology are restriction enzymes and DNA ligase. The restriction enzymes are used to cut the vector DNA. The DNA ligase seals the DNA fragments of the wanted gene and the vector.

21
Q

Consider the following sequence of bases on the DNA molecule read from left to right:GATCCGATAGCAGAA

What is the complementary base sequence, mRNA, tRNA, and amino acid sequence that is prodi
this DNA strand during replication?

A

CTAGGCTATCGTCTT

004 DNA and protein synthesis (1 decks)

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