002 - Advanced Components and Circuits Flashcards
1
Q
A-002-001-001
What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?
(a) Galena and germanium
(b) Galena and bismuth
(c) Silicon and gold
(d) Silicon and germanium
A
A-002-001-001
What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?
(d) Silicon and germanium
2
Q
A-002-001-002
In what application is gallium-arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon?
(a) In high-power circuits
(b) At very low frequencies
(c) In bipolar transistors
(d) At microwave frequencies
A
A-002-001-002
In what application is gallium-arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon?
(d) At microwave frequencies
3
Q
A-002-001-003
What type of semiconductor material contains fewer free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(a) N-type
(b) P-type
(c) Bipolar type
(d) Superconductor type
A
A-002-001-003
What type of semiconductor material contains fewer free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(b) P-type
4
Q
A-002-001-004
What type of semiconductor material contains more free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(a) N-type
(b) P-type
(c) Bipolar
(d) Superconductor
A
A-002-001-004
What type of semiconductor material contains more free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(a) N-type
5
Q
A-002-001-005
What are the majority charge carriers in P-type semiconductor material?
(a) Free electrons
(b) Holes
(c) Free protons
(d) Free neutrons
A
A-002-001-005
What are the majority charge carriers in P-type semiconductor material?
(b) Holes
6
Q
A-002-001-006
What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material?
(a) Holes
(b) Free protons
(c) Free neutrons
(d) Free electrons
A
A-002-001-006
What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material?
(d) Free electrons
7
Q
A-002-001-007
Silicon, in its pure form, is:
(a) a superconductor
(b) an insulator
(c) a semiconductor
(d) a conductor
A
A-002-001-007
Silicon, in its pure form, is:
(b) an insulator
8
Q
A-002-001-008
An element which is sometimes an insulator and sometimes a conductor is called a:
(a) intrinsic conductor
(b) N-type conductor
(c) semiconductor
(d) P-type conductor
A
A-002-001-008
An element which is sometimes an insulator and sometimes a conductor is called a:
(c) semiconductor
9
Q
A-002-001-009
Which of the following materials is used to make a semiconductor?
(a) Tantalum
(b) Silicon
(c) Copper
(d) Sulphur
A
A-002-001-009
Which of the following materials is used to make a semiconductor?
(b) Silicon
10
Q
A-002-001-010
Substances such as silicon in a pure state are usually good:
(a) insulators
(b) conductors
(c) tuned circuits
(d) inductors
A
A-002-001-010
Substances such as silicon in a pure state are usually good:
(a) insulators
11
Q
A-002-001-011
A semiconductor is said to be doped when it has added to it small quantities of:
(a) impurities
(b) protons
(c) ions
(d) electrons
A
A-002-001-011
A semiconductor is said to be doped when it has added to it small quantities of:
(a) impurities
12
Q
A-002-002-001
What is the principal characteristic of a Zener diode?
(a) A constant current under conditions of varying voltage
(b) A constant voltage under conditions of varying current
(c) A negative resistance region
(d) An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage
A
A-002-002-001
What is the principal characteristic of a Zener diode?
(b) A constant voltage under conditions of varying current
13
Q
A-002-002-002
What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?
(a) Varactor
(b) Zener
(c) Silicon-controlled rectifier
(d) Hot-carrier (Schottky)
A
A-002-002-002
What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?
(a) Varactor
14
Q
A-002-002-003
What is a common use for the hot-carrier (Schottky) diode?
(a) As balanced mixers in FM generation
(b) As VHF and UHF mixers and detectors
(c) As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control (AFC) circuit
(d) As a constant voltage reference in a power supply
A
A-002-002-003
What is a common use for the hot-carrier (Schottky) diode?
(b) As VHF and UHF mixers and detectors
15
Q
A-002-002-004
What limits the maximum forward current in a junction diode?
(a) Forward voltage
(b) Back EMF
(c) Peak inverse voltage
(d) Junction temperature
A
A-002-002-004
What limits the maximum forward current in a junction diode?
(d) Junction temperature
16
Q
A-002-002-005
What are the major ratings for junction diodes?
(a) Maximum forward current and peak inverse voltage (PIV)
(b) Maximum reverse current and capacitance
(c) Maximum forward current and capacitance
(d) Maximum reverse current and peak inverse voltage (PIV)
A
A-002-002-005
What are the major ratings for junction diodes?
(a) Maximum forward current and peak inverse voltage (PIV)
17
Q
A-002-002-006
Structurally, what are the two main categories of semiconductor diodes?
(a) Junction and point contact
(b) Vacuum and point contact
(c) Electrolytic and point contact
(d) Electrolytic and junction
A
A-002-002-006
Structurally, what are the two main categories of semiconductor diodes?
(a) Junction and point contact
18
Q
A-002-002-007
What is a common use for point contact diodes?
(a) As a constant current source
(b) As an RF detector
(c) As a constant voltage source
(d) As a high voltage rectifier
A
A-002-002-007
What is a common use for point contact diodes?
(b) As an RF detector
19
Q
A-002-002-008
What is one common use for PIN diodes?
(a) As a constant current source
(b) As a high voltage rectifier
(c) As an RF switch
(d) As a constant voltage source
A
A-002-002-008
What is one common use for PIN diodes?
(c) As an RF switch
20
Q
A-002-002-009
A Zener diode is a device used to:
(a) dissipate voltage
(b) decrease current
(c) increase current
(d) regulate voltage
A
A-002-002-009
A Zener diode is a device used to:
(d) regulate voltage
21
Q
A-002-002-010
If a Zener diode rated at 10 V and 50 watts was operated at maximum dissipation rating, it would conduct ____ amperes:
(a) 5
(b) 50
(c) 0.05
(d) 0.5
A
A-002-002-010
If a Zener diode rated at 10 V and 50 watts was operated at maximum dissipation rating, it would conduct ____ amperes:
(a) 5
22
Q
A-002-002-011
The power-handling capability of most Zener diodes is rated at 25 degrees C or approximately room temperature. If the temperature is increased, the power handling capability is:
(a) the same
(b) much greater
(c) less
(d) slightly greater
A
A-002-002-011
The power-handling capability of most Zener diodes is rated at 25 degrees C or approximately room temperature. If the temperature is increased, the power handling capability is:
(c) less
23
Q
A-002-003-001
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor?
(a) The change of collector current with respect to base current
(b) The change of base current with respect to collector current
(c) The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
(d) The change of collector current with respect to gate current
A
A-002-003-001
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor?
(c) The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
24
Q
A-002-003-002
What is the beta of a bipolar transistor?
(a) The change of base current with respect to emitter current
(b) The change of collector current with respect to base current
(c) The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
(d) The change of base current with respect to gate current
A
A-002-003-002
What is the beta of a bipolar transistor?
(b) The change of collector current with respect to base current
25
A-002-003-003
Which component conducts electricity from a negative emitter to a positive collector when its base voltage is made positive?
(a) A varactor
(b) An NPN transistor
(c) A triode vacuum tube
(d) A PNP transistor
A-002-003-003
Which component conducts electricity from a negative emitter to a positive collector when its base voltage is made positive?
(b) An NPN transistor
26
A-002-003-004
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor in common base configuration?
(a) Forward voltage gain
(b) Reverse current gain
(c) Forward current gain
(d) Reverse voltage gain
A-002-003-004
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor in common base configuration?
(c) Forward current gain
27
A-002-003-005
In a bipolar transistor, the change of collector current with respect to base current is called:
(a) gamma
(b) delta
(c) alpha
(d) beta
A-002-003-005
In a bipolar transistor, the change of collector current with respect to base current is called:
(d) beta
28
A-002-003-006
The alpha of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configuration?
(a) Common collector
(b) Common gate
(c) Common emitter
(d) Common base
A-002-003-006
The alpha of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configuration?
(d) Common base
29
A-002-003-007
The beta of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configurations?
(a) Common emitter or common gate
(b) Common base or common collector
(c) Common emitter or common collector
(d) Common base or common emitter
A-002-003-007
The beta of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configurations?
(c) Common emitter or common collector
30
A-002-003-008
Which component conducts electricity from a positive emitter to a negative collector when its base is made negative?
(a) A triode vacuum tube
(b) A PNP transistor
(c) A varactor
(d) An NPN transistor
A-002-003-008
Which component conducts electricity from a positive emitter to a negative collector when its base is made negative?
(b) A PNP transistor
31
A-002-003-009
Alpha of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(a) beta x (1 + beta)
(b) beta x (1 - beta)
(c) beta / (1 + beta)
(d) beta / (1 - beta)
A-002-003-009
Alpha of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(c) beta / (1 + beta)
32
A-002-003-010
The current gain of a bipolar transistor in common emitter or common collector compared to common base configuration is:
(a) very low
(b) high to very high
(c) usually about double
(d) usually about half
A-002-003-010
The current gain of a bipolar transistor in common emitter or common collector compared to common base configuration is:
(b) high to very high
33
A-002-003-011
Beta of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(a) alpha / (1 + alpha)
(b) alpha x (1 - alpha)
(c) alpha / (1 - alpha)
(d) alpha x (1 + alpha)
A-002-003-011
Beta of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(c) alpha / (1 - alpha)
34
A-002-004-001
What is an enhancement-mode FET?
(a) An FET with a channel that blocks voltage through the gate
(b) An FET with a channel that allows current when the gate voltage is zero
(c) An FET without a channel no current occurs with zero gate voltage
(d) An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate
A-002-004-001
What is an enhancement-mode FET?
(c) An FET without a channel no current occurs with zero gate voltage
35
A-002-004-002
What is a depletion-mode FET?
(a) An FET without a channel no current flows with zero gate voltage
(b) An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate
(c) An FET that has a channel that blocks current when the gate voltage is zero
(d) An FET that has a channel with no gate voltage applied a current flows with zero gate voltage
A-002-004-002
What is a depletion-mode FET?
(d) An FET that has a channel with no gate voltage applied a current flows with zero gate voltage
36
A-002-004-003
Why do many MOSFET devices have built-in gate protective Zener diodes?
(a) The gate-protective Zener diode keeps the gate voltage within specifications to prevent the device from overheating
(b) The gate-protective Zener diode protects the substrate from excessive voltages
(c) The gate-protective Zener diode provides a voltage reference to provide the correct amount of reverse-bias gate voltage
(d) The gate-protective Zener diode prevents the gate insulation from being punctured by small static charges or excessive voltages
A-002-004-003
Why do many MOSFET devices have built-in gate protective Zener diodes?
(d) The gate-protective Zener diode prevents the gate insulation from being punctured by small static charges or excessive voltages
37
A-002-004-004
Why are special precautions necessary in handling FET and CMOS devices?
(a) They are light-sensitive
(b) They have micro-welded semiconductor junctions that are susceptible to breakage
(c) They have fragile leads that may break off
(d) They are susceptible to damage from static charges
A-002-004-004
Why are special precautions necessary in handling FET and CMOS devices?
(d) They are susceptible to damage from static charges
38
A-002-004-005
How does the input impedance of a field-effect transistor (FET) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?
(a) One cannot compare input impedance without knowing supply voltage
(b) An FET has high input impedance a bipolar transistor has low input impedance
(c) An FET has low input impedance a bipolar transistor has high input impedance
(d) The input impedance of FETs and bipolar transistors is the same
A-002-004-005
How does the input impedance of a field-effect transistor (FET) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?
(b) An FET has high input impedance a bipolar transistor has low input impedance
39
A-002-004-006
What are the three terminals of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET)?
(a) Emitter, base 1, base 2
(b) Gate, drain, source
(c) Emitter, base, collector
(d) Gate 1, gate 2, drain
A-002-004-006
What are the three terminals of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET)?
(b) Gate, drain, source
40
A-002-004-007
What are the two basic types of junction field-effect transistors (JFET)?
(a) High power and low power
(b) N-channel and P-channel
(c) MOSFET and GaAsFET
(d) Silicon and germanium
A-002-004-007
What are the two basic types of junction field-effect transistors (JFET)?
(b) N-channel and P-channel
41
A-002-004-008
Electron conduction in an n-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel depletion
(b) p-channel enhancement
(c) n-channel depletion
(d) q-channel enhancement
A-002-004-008
Electron conduction in an n-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(c) n-channel depletion
42
A-002-004-009
Electron conduction in an n-channel enhancement MOSFET is associated with:
(a) q-channel depletion
(b) p-channel enhancement
(c) n-channel enhancement
(d) p-channel depletion
A-002-004-009
Electron conduction in an n-channel enhancement MOSFET is associated with:
(c) n-channel enhancement
43
A-002-004-010
Hole conduction in a p-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel depletion
(b) n-channel enhancement
(c) q-channel depletion
(d) n-channel depletion
A-002-004-010
Hole conduction in a p-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel depletion
44
A-002-004-011
Hole conduction in a p-channel enhancement type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel enhancement
(b) n-channel depletion
(c) n-channel enhancement
(d) q-channel depletion
A-002-004-011
Hole conduction in a p-channel enhancement type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel enhancement
45
A-002-005-001
What are the three terminals of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Gate, base 1 and base 2
(b) Base, collector and emitter
(c) Gate, source and sink
(d) Anode, cathode and gate
A-002-005-001
What are the three terminals of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(d) Anode, cathode and gate
46
A-002-005-002
What are the two stable operating conditions of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Conducting and non-conducting
(b) Forward conducting and reverse conducting
(c) NPN conduction and PNP conduction
(d) Oscillating and quiescent
A-002-005-002
What are the two stable operating conditions of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Conducting and non-conducting
47
A-002-005-003
When a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is triggered, to what other semiconductor diode are its electrical characteristics similar (as measured between its cathode and anode)?
(a) The PIN diode
(b) The hot-carrier (Schottky) diode
(c) The junction diode
(d) The varactor diode
A-002-005-003
When a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is triggered, to what other semiconductor diode are its electrical characteristics similar (as measured between its cathode and anode)?
(c) The junction diode
48
A-002-005-004
Under what operating condition does a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibit electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon rectifier?
(a) When it is gated "off
(b) When it is used as a detector
(c) During a switching transition
(d) When it is gated "on
A-002-005-004
Under what operating condition does a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibit electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon rectifier?
(d) When it is gated "on
49
A-002-005-005
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is what type of device?
(a) NPPN
(b) PNNP
(c) PPNN
(d) PNPN
A-002-005-005
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is what type of device?
(d) PNPN
50
A-002-005-006
The control element in the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is called the:
(a) gate
(b) anode
(c) cathode
(d) emitter
A-002-005-006
The control element in the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is called the:
(a) gate
51
A-002-005-007
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a member of which family?
(a) Thyristors
(b) Phase locked loops
(c) Varactors
(d) Varistors
A-002-005-007
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a member of which family?
(a) Thyristors
52
A-002-005-008
In amateur radio equipment, which is the major application for the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Power supply overvoltage "crowbar" circuit
(b) Class C amplifier circuit
(c) Microphone preamplifier circuit
(d) SWR detector circuit
A-002-005-008
In amateur radio equipment, which is the major application for the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Power supply overvoltage "crowbar" circuit
53
A-002-005-009
Which of the following devices has anode, cathode, and gate?
(a) The bipolar transistor
(b) The field effect transistor
(c) The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
(d) The triode vacuum tube
A-002-005-009
Which of the following devices has anode, cathode, and gate?
(c) The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
54
A-002-005-010
When it is gated "on", the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibits electrical characteristics similar to a:
(a) reverse-biased silicon rectifier
(b) forward-biased PIN diode
(c) reverse-biased hot-carrier (Schottky) diode
(d) forward-biased silicon rectifier
A-002-005-010
When it is gated "on", the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibits electrical characteristics similar to a:
(d) forward-biased silicon rectifier
55
A-002-005-011
Which of the following is a PNPN device?
(a) PIN diode
(b) Hot carrier (Schottky) diode
(c) Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
(d) Zener diode
A-002-005-011
Which of the following is a PNPN device?
(c) Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
56
A-002-006-001
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class A amplifier operate?
(a) The entire cycle
(b) Exactly 180 degrees
(c) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(d) Less than 180 degrees
A-002-006-001
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class A amplifier operate?
(a) The entire cycle
57
```
A-002-006-002
Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and least distortion?
```
(a) Class A
(b) Class AB
(c) Class B
(d) Class C
```
A-002-006-002
Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and least distortion?
```
(a) Class A
58
A-002-006-003
For what portion of a cycle does a Class AB amplifier operate?
(a) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(b) Exactly 180 degrees
(c) The entire cycle
(d) Less than 180 degrees
A-002-006-003
For what portion of a cycle does a Class AB amplifier operate?
(a) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
59
A-002-006-004
For what portion of a cycle does a Class B amplifier operate?
(a) 180 degrees
(b) Less than 180 degrees
(c) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(d) The entire cycle
A-002-006-004
For what portion of a cycle does a Class B amplifier operate?
(a) 180 degrees
60
A-002-006-005
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class C amplifier operate?
(a) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(b) The entire cycle
(c) 180 degrees
(d) Less than 180 degrees
A-002-006-005
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class C amplifier operate?
(d) Less than 180 degrees
61
A-002-006-006
Which of the following classes of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?
(a) Class C
(b) Class A
(c) Class AB
(d) Class B
A-002-006-006
Which of the following classes of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?
(a) Class C
62
A-002-006-007
Which of the following classes of amplifier would provide the highest efficiency in the output stage of a CW, RTTY or FM transmitter?
(a) Class C
(b) Class AB
(c) Class B
(d) Class A
A-002-006-007
Which of the following classes of amplifier would provide the highest efficiency in the output stage of a CW, RTTY or FM transmitter?
(a) Class C
63
```
A-002-006-008
Which class of amplifier provides the least efficiency?
```
(a) Class C
(b) Class B
(c) Class AB
(d) Class A
```
A-002-006-008
Which class of amplifier provides the least efficiency?
```
(d) Class A
64
```
A-002-006-009
Which class of amplifier has the poorest linearity and the most distortion?
```
(a) Class C
(b) Class AB
(c) Class A
(d) Class B
```
A-002-006-009
Which class of amplifier has the poorest linearity and the most distortion?
```
(a) Class C
65
```
A-002-006-010
Which class of amplifier operates over the full cycle?
```
(a) Class AB
(b) Class A
(c) Class B
(d) Class C
```
A-002-006-010
Which class of amplifier operates over the full cycle?
```
(b) Class A
66
```
A-002-006-011
Which class of amplifier operates over less than 180 degrees of the cycle?
```
(a) Class AB
(b) Class A
(c) Class B
(d) Class C
```
A-002-006-011
Which class of amplifier operates over less than 180 degrees of the cycle?
```
(d) Class C
67
A-002-007-001
What determines the input impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(a) The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and substrate
(b) The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and the drain
(c) The input impedance is essentially determined by the gate biasing network
(d) The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the drain and substrate
A-002-007-001
What determines the input impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(c) The input impedance is essentially determined by the gate biasing network
68
A-002-007-002
What determines the output impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(a) The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain supply voltage
(b) The output impedance is essentially determined by the gate supply voltage
(c) The output impedance is essentially determined by the input impedance of the FET
(d) The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain resistor
A-002-007-002
What determines the output impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(d) The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain resistor
69
A-002-007-003
What are the advantages of a Darlington pair audio amplifier?
(a) Mutual gain, high stability and low mutual inductance
(b) Mutual gain, low input impedance and low output impedance
(c) High gain, high input impedance and low output impedance
(d) Low output impedance, high mutual impedance and low output current
A-002-007-003
What are the advantages of a Darlington pair audio amplifier?
(c) High gain, high input impedance and low output impedance
70
A-002-007-004
In the common base amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are in phase
(b) the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
(c) the output signals leads the input signal by 90 degrees
(d) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
A-002-007-004
In the common base amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are in phase
71
A-002-007-005
In the common base amplifier, the input impedance, when compared to the output impedance is:
(a) only slightly higher
(b) very low
(c) only slightly lower
(d) very high
A-002-007-005
In the common base amplifier, the input impedance, when compared to the output impedance is:
(b) very low
72
A-002-007-006
In the common emitter amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
(b) the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees
(c) the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
(d) the signals are in phase
A-002-007-006
In the common emitter amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
73
A-002-007-007
In the common collector amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees
(b) the signals are in phase
(c) the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
(d) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
A-002-007-007
In the common collector amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(b) the signals are in phase
74
A-002-007-008
The FET amplifier source follower circuit is another name for:
(a) common drain circuit
(b) common source circuit
(c) common mode circuit
(d) common gate circuit
A-002-007-008
The FET amplifier source follower circuit is another name for:
(a) common drain circuit
75
A-002-007-009
The FET amplifier common source circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common emitter
(b) Common collector
(c) Common base
(d) Common mode
A-002-007-009
The FET amplifier common source circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common emitter
76
A-002-007-010
The FET amplifier common drain circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common collector
(b) Common emitter
(c) Common base
(d) Common mode
A-002-007-010
The FET amplifier common drain circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common collector
77
A-002-007-011
The FET amplifier common gate circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common mode
(b) Common base
(c) Common collector
(d) Common emitter
A-002-007-011
The FET amplifier common gate circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(b) Common base
78
A-002-008-001
What is an operational amplifier (op-amp)?
(a) A high-gain, direct-coupled audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by internal components of the device
(b) A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally
(c) An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit
(d) A program subroutine that calculates the gain of an RF amplifier
A-002-008-001
What is an operational amplifier (op-amp)?
(b) A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally
79
A-002-008-002
What would be the characteristics of the ideal op-amp?
(a) Zero input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
(b) Infinite input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain and flat frequency response
(c) Zero input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
(d) Infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
A-002-008-002
What would be the characteristics of the ideal op-amp?
(d) Infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
80
A-002-008-003
What determines the gain of a closed-loop op-amp circuit?
(a) The PNP collector load
(b) The voltage applied to the circuit
(c) The collector-to-base capacitance of the PNP stage
(d) The external feedback network
A-002-008-003
What determines the gain of a closed-loop op-amp circuit?
(d) The external feedback network
81
A-002-008-004
What is meant by the term op-amp offset voltage?
(a) The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition
(b) The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required for the next stage
(c) The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in an open-loop condition
(d) The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage
A-002-008-004
What is meant by the term op-amp offset voltage?
(a) The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition
82
A-002-008-005
What is the input impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(a) Very low
(b) Very high
(c) Exactly 100 ohms
(d) Exactly 1000 ohms
A-002-008-005
What is the input impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(b) Very high
83
A-002-008-006
What is the output impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(a) Very high
(b) Exactly 100 ohms
(c) Very low
(d) Exactly 1000 ohms
A-002-008-006
What is the output impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(c) Very low
84
A-002-008-007
What are the advantages of using an op-amp instead of LC elements in an audio filter?
(a) Op-amps are more rugged and can withstand more abuse than can LC elements
(b) Op-amps are available in more styles and types than are LC elements
(c) Op-amps are fixed at one frequency
(d) Op-amps exhibit gain rather than insertion loss
A-002-008-007
What are the advantages of using an op-amp instead of LC elements in an audio filter?
(d) Op-amps exhibit gain rather than insertion loss
85
A-002-008-008
What are the principal uses of an op-amp RC active filter in amateur circuitry?
(a) Op-amp circuits are used as low-pass filters at the output of transmitters
(b) Op-amp circuits are used as audio filters for receivers
(c) Op-amp circuits are used as filters for smoothing power supply output
(d) Op-amp circuits are used as high-pass filters to block RFI at the input of receivers
A-002-008-008
What are the principal uses of an op-amp RC active filter in amateur circuitry?
(b) Op-amp circuits are used as audio filters for receivers
86
A-002-008-009
What is an inverting op-amp circuit?
(a) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
(b) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase
(c) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held to zero, while the output impedance is high
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase
A-002-008-009
What is an inverting op-amp circuit?
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase
87
A-002-008-010
What is a non-inverting op-amp circuit?
(a) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase
(b) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held low, and the output impedance is high
(c) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
A-002-008-010
What is a non-inverting op-amp circuit?
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
88
A-002-008-011
What term is most appropriate for a high gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally?
(a) Difference amplifier
(b) High gain audio amplifier
(c) Summing amplifier
(d) Operational amplifier
A-002-008-011
What term is most appropriate for a high gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally?
(d) Operational amplifier
89
A-002-009-001
What is the mixing process?
(a) The combination of two signals to produce sum and difference frequencies
(b) The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase differentiation
(c) The recovery of intelligence from a modulated signal
(d) The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase comparison
A-002-009-001
What is the mixing process?
(a) The combination of two signals to produce sum and difference frequencies
90
A-002-009-002
What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer circuit?
(a) 1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequencies
(b) The sum, difference and square root of the input frequencies
(c) The original frequencies and the sum and difference frequencies
(d) Two and four times the original frequency
A-002-009-002
What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer circuit?
(c) The original frequencies and the sum and difference frequencies
91
A-002-009-003
What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?
(a) Spurious signals are generated
(b) Automatic limiting occurs
(c) A beat frequency is generated
(d) Mixer blanking occurs
A-002-009-003
What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?
(a) Spurious signals are generated
92
A-002-009-004
In a frequency multiplier circuit, the input signal is coupled to the base of a transistor through a capacitor. A radio frequency choke is connected between the base of the transistor and ground. The capacitor is:
(a) part of the input tuned circuit
(b) a DC blocking capacitor
(c) a by-pass for the circuit
(d) part of the output tank circuit
A-002-009-004
In a frequency multiplier circuit, the input signal is coupled to the base of a transistor through a capacitor. A radio frequency choke is connected between the base of the transistor and ground. The capacitor is:
(b) a DC blocking capacitor
93
A-002-009-005
A frequency multiplier circuit must be operated in:
(a) class AB
(b) class C
(c) class B
(d) class A
A-002-009-005
A frequency multiplier circuit must be operated in:
(b) class C
94
A-002-009-006
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. The purpose of the variable capacitor is to:
(a) by-pass RF
(b) tune L1 to the desired harmonic
(c) tune L1 to the frequency applied to the base
(d) provide positive feedback
A-002-009-006
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. The purpose of the variable capacitor is to:
(b) tune L1 to the desired harmonic
95
A-002-009-007
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. The purpose of C3 is to:
(a) provide an RF ground at the VCC connection point of L1
(b) form a pi filter with L1 and C2
(c) resonate with L1
(d) by-pass any audio components
A-002-009-007
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. The purpose of C3 is to:
(a) provide an RF ground at the VCC connection point of L1
96
A-002-009-008
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. C2 in conjunction with L1 operate as a:
(a) frequency divider
(b) frequency multiplier
(c) voltage divider
(d) voltage doubler
A-002-009-008
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. C2 in conjunction with L1 operate as a:
(b) frequency multiplier
97
A-002-009-009
In a circuit where the components are tuned to resonate at a higher frequency than applied, the circuit is most likely a:
(a) a VHF/UHF amplifier
(b) a linear amplifier
(c) a frequency multiplier
(d) a frequency divider
A-002-009-009
In a circuit where the components are tuned to resonate at a higher frequency than applied, the circuit is most likely a:
(c) a frequency multiplier
98
A-002-009-010
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. C3 is a:
(a) DC blocking capacitor
(b) tuning capacitor
(c) coupling capacitor
(d) RF by-pass capacitor
A-002-009-010
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. C3 is a:
(d) RF by-pass capacitor
99
A-002-009-011
What stage in a transmitter would change a 5.3-MHz input signal to 14.3 MHz?
(a) A linear translator
(b) A mixer
(c) A frequency multiplier
(d) A beat frequency oscillator
A-002-009-011
What stage in a transmitter would change a 5.3-MHz input signal to 14.3 MHz?
(b) A mixer
100
A-002-010-001
What is a NAND gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1
(b) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic "1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "0
A-002-010-001
What is a NAND gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only when all inputs are logic "1
101
A-002-010-002
What is an OR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if all inputs are logic "1
(b) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if any input is logic "1
(c) A circuit that produces logic "1" at its output if all inputs are logic "0
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if any input is logic "1
A-002-010-002
What is an OR gate?
(b) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if any input is logic "1
102
A-002-010-003
What is a NOR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output only if all inputs are logic "0
(b) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if all inputs are logic "1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic "1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if any or all inputs are logic "1
A-002-010-003
What is a NOR gate?
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output if any or all inputs are logic "1
103
A-002-010-004
What is a NOT gate (also known as an INVERTER)?
(a) A circuit that does not allow data transmission when its input is high
(b) A circuit that allows data transmission only when its input is high
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output when the input is logic "1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when the input is logic "1
A-002-010-004
What is a NOT gate (also known as an INVERTER)?
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output when the input is logic "1
104
A-002-010-005
What is an EXCLUSIVE OR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic "1
(b) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "0
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic "1
A-002-010-005
What is an EXCLUSIVE OR gate?
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic "1
105
A-002-010-006
What is an EXCLUSIVE NOR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when only one of the inputs is logic "0
(b) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when only one of the inputs are logic "1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "0" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "1
A-002-010-006
What is an EXCLUSIVE NOR gate?
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output when all of the inputs are logic "1
106
A-002-010-007
What is an AND gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at the output if at least one input is a logic "0
(b) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if one of its inputs is logic "1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output if all inputs are logic "0
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if all its inputs are logic "1
A-002-010-007
What is an AND gate?
(d) A circuit that produces a logic "1" at its output only if all its inputs are logic "1
107
A-002-010-008
What is a flip-flop circuit?
(a) A binary sequential logic element with two stable states
(b) A binary sequential logic element with eight stable states
(c) A binary sequential logic element with four stable states
(d) A binary sequential logic element with one stable state
A-002-010-008
What is a flip-flop circuit?
(a) A binary sequential logic element with two stable states
108
A-002-010-009
What is a bistable multivibrator?
(a) An OR gate
(b) A flip-flop
(c) An AND gate
(d) A clock
A-002-010-009
What is a bistable multivibrator?
(b) A flip-flop
109
A-002-010-010
What type of digital logic is also known as a latch?
(a) A decade counter
(b) A flip-flop
(c) An OR gate
(d) An op-amp
A-002-010-010
What type of digital logic is also known as a latch?
(b) A flip-flop
110
A-002-010-011
In a multivibrator circuit, when one transistor conducts, the other is:
(a) saturated
(b) reverse-biased
(c) cut off
(d) forward-biased
A-002-010-011
In a multivibrator circuit, when one transistor conducts, the other is:
(c) cut off
111
A-002-011-001
What is a crystal lattice filter?
(a) A filter with wide bandwidth and shallow skirts made using quartz crystals
(b) An audio filter made with four quartz crystals that resonate at 1 kHz intervals
(c) A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals
(d) A power supply filter made with interlaced quartz crystals
A-002-011-001
What is a crystal lattice filter?
(c) A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals
112
A-002-011-002
What factor determines the bandwidth and response shape of a crystal lattice filter?
(a) The relative frequencies of the individual crystals
(b) The centre frequency chosen for the filter
(c) The gain of the RF stage following the filter
(d) The amplitude of the signals passing through the filter
A-002-011-002
What factor determines the bandwidth and response shape of a crystal lattice filter?
(a) The relative frequencies of the individual crystals
113
A-002-011-003
For single-sideband phone emissions, what would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice filter?
(a) 15 kHz
(b) 500 Hz
(c) 6 kHz
(d) 2.4 kHz
A-002-011-003
For single-sideband phone emissions, what would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice filter?
(d) 2.4 kHz
114
A-002-011-004
The main advantage of a crystal oscillator over a tuned LC oscillator is:
(a) longer life under severe operating use
(b) freedom from harmonic emissions
(c) much greater frequency stability
(d) simplicity
A-002-011-004
The main advantage of a crystal oscillator over a tuned LC oscillator is:
(c) much greater frequency stability
115
A-002-011-005
A quartz crystal filter is superior to an LC filter for narrow bandpass applications because of the:
(a) crystal's low Q
(b) LC circuit's high Q
(c) crystal's high Q
(d) crystal's simplicity
A-002-011-005
A quartz crystal filter is superior to an LC filter for narrow bandpass applications because of the:
(c) crystal's high Q
116
A-002-011-006
Piezoelectricity is generated by:
(a) deforming certain crystals
(b) touching crystals with magnets
(c) adding impurities to a crystal
(d) moving a magnet near a crystal
A-002-011-006
Piezoelectricity is generated by:
(a) deforming certain crystals
117
A-002-011-007
Electrically, what does a crystal look like?
(a) A very high Q tuned circuit
(b) A very low Q tuned circuit
(c) A variable capacitance
(d) A variable tuned circuit
A-002-011-007
Electrically, what does a crystal look like?
(a) A very high Q tuned circuit
118
A-002-011-008
Crystals are sometimes used in a circuit which has an output close to an integral multiple of the crystal frequency. This circuit is called:
(a) a crystal multiplier
(b) a crystal lattice
(c) an overtone oscillator
(d) a crystal ladder
A-002-011-008
Crystals are sometimes used in a circuit which has an output close to an integral multiple of the crystal frequency. This circuit is called:
(c) an overtone oscillator
119
A-002-011-009
Which of the following properties does not apply to a crystal when used in an oscillator circuit?
(a) Good frequency stability
(b) Very low noise because of high Q
(c) High power output
(d) Good frequency accuracy
A-002-011-009
Which of the following properties does not apply to a crystal when used in an oscillator circuit?
(c) High power output
120
A-002-011-010
Crystal oscillators, filters and microphones depend upon which principle?
(a) Hertzberg effect
(b) Ferro-resonance
(c) Overtone effect
(d) Piezoelectric effect
A-002-011-010
Crystal oscillators, filters and microphones depend upon which principle?
(d) Piezoelectric effect
121
A-002-011-011
Crystals are not applicable to which of the following?
(a) Microphones
(b) Active filters
(c) Lattice filters
(d) Oscillators
A-002-011-011
Crystals are not applicable to which of the following?
(b) Active filters
122
A-002-012-001
What are the three general groupings of filters?
(a) High-pass, low-pass and band-pass
(b) Hartley, Colpitts and Pierce
(c) Audio, radio and capacitive
(d) Inductive, capacitive and resistive
A-002-012-001
What are the three general groupings of filters?
(a) High-pass, low-pass and band-pass
123
A-002-012-002
What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth filter?
(a) It has a maximally flat response over its pass-band
(b) The product of its series and shunt-element impedances is a constant for all frequencies
(c) It only requires conductors
(d) It only requires capacitors
A-002-012-002
What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth filter?
(a) It has a maximally flat response over its pass-band
124
A-002-012-003
Which filter type is described as having ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?
(a) An active LC filter
(b) A passive op-amp filter
(c) A Butterworth filter
(d) A Chebyshev filter
A-002-012-003
Which filter type is described as having ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?
(d) A Chebyshev filter
125
A-002-012-004
What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev filter?
(a) It requires only inductors
(b) It requires only capacitors
(c) It has a maximally flat response in the passband
(d) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
A-002-012-004
What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev filter?
(d) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
126
A-002-012-005
Resonant cavities are used by amateurs as a:
(a) narrow bandpass filter at VHF and higher frequencies
(b) power line filter
(c) low-pass filter below 30 MHz
(d) high-pass filter above 30 MHz
A-002-012-005
Resonant cavities are used by amateurs as a:
(a) narrow bandpass filter at VHF and higher frequencies
127
A-002-012-006
On VHF and above, 1/4 wavelength coaxial cavities are used to give protection from high-level signals. For a frequency of approximately 50 MHz, the diameter of such a device would be about 10 cm (4 in). What would be its approximate length?
(a) 1.5 metres (5 ft)
(b) 0.6 metres (2 ft)
(c) 2.4 metres (8 ft)
(d) 3.7 metres (12 ft)
A-002-012-006
On VHF and above, 1/4 wavelength coaxial cavities are used to give protection from high-level signals. For a frequency of approximately 50 MHz, the diameter of such a device would be about 10 cm (4 in). What would be its approximate length?
(a) 1.5 metres (5 ft)
128
A-002-012-007
A device which helps with receiver overload and spurious responses at VHF, UHF and above may be installed in the receiver front end. It is called a:
(a) diplexer
(b) directional coupler
(c) duplexer
(d) helical resonator
A-002-012-007
A device which helps with receiver overload and spurious responses at VHF, UHF and above may be installed in the receiver front end. It is called a:
(d) helical resonator
129
A-002-012-008
Where you require bandwidth at VHF and higher frequencies about equal to a television channel, a good choice of filter is the:
(a) resonant cavity
(b) Butterworth
(c) none of the other answers
(d) Chebyshev
A-002-012-008
Where you require bandwidth at VHF and higher frequencies about equal to a television channel, a good choice of filter is the:
(c) none of the other answers
130
A-002-012-009
What is the primary advantage of the Butterworth filter over the Chebyshev filter?
(a) It has maximally flat response over its passband
(b) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
(c) It requires only inductors
(d) It requires only capacitors
A-002-012-009
What is the primary advantage of the Butterworth filter over the Chebyshev filter?
(a) It has maximally flat response over its passband
131
A-002-012-010
What is the primary advantage of the Chebyshev filter over the Butterworth filter?
(a) It requires only capacitors
(b) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
(c) It requires only inductors
(d) It has maximally flat response over the passband
A-002-012-010
What is the primary advantage of the Chebyshev filter over the Butterworth filter?
(b) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
132
A-002-012-011
Which of the following filter types is not suitable for use at audio and low radio frequencies?
(a) Cavity
(b) Elliptical
(c) Chebyshev
(d) Butterworth
A-002-012-011
Which of the following filter types is not suitable for use at audio and low radio frequencies?
(a) Cavity
