002 - Advanced Components and Circuits Flashcards
A-002-001-001
What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?
(a) Galena and germanium
(b) Galena and bismuth
(c) Silicon and gold
(d) Silicon and germanium
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What two elements widely used in semiconductor devices exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics?
(d) Silicon and germanium
A-002-001-002
In what application is gallium-arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon?
(a) In high-power circuits
(b) At very low frequencies
(c) In bipolar transistors
(d) At microwave frequencies
A-002-001-002
In what application is gallium-arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon?
(d) At microwave frequencies
A-002-001-003
What type of semiconductor material contains fewer free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(a) N-type
(b) P-type
(c) Bipolar type
(d) Superconductor type
A-002-001-003
What type of semiconductor material contains fewer free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(b) P-type
A-002-001-004
What type of semiconductor material contains more free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(a) N-type
(b) P-type
(c) Bipolar
(d) Superconductor
A-002-001-004
What type of semiconductor material contains more free electrons than pure germanium or silicon crystals?
(a) N-type
A-002-001-005
What are the majority charge carriers in P-type semiconductor material?
(a) Free electrons
(b) Holes
(c) Free protons
(d) Free neutrons
A-002-001-005
What are the majority charge carriers in P-type semiconductor material?
(b) Holes
A-002-001-006
What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material?
(a) Holes
(b) Free protons
(c) Free neutrons
(d) Free electrons
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What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material?
(d) Free electrons
A-002-001-007
Silicon, in its pure form, is:
(a) a superconductor
(b) an insulator
(c) a semiconductor
(d) a conductor
A-002-001-007
Silicon, in its pure form, is:
(b) an insulator
A-002-001-008
An element which is sometimes an insulator and sometimes a conductor is called a:
(a) intrinsic conductor
(b) N-type conductor
(c) semiconductor
(d) P-type conductor
A-002-001-008
An element which is sometimes an insulator and sometimes a conductor is called a:
(c) semiconductor
A-002-001-009
Which of the following materials is used to make a semiconductor?
(a) Tantalum
(b) Silicon
(c) Copper
(d) Sulphur
A-002-001-009
Which of the following materials is used to make a semiconductor?
(b) Silicon
A-002-001-010
Substances such as silicon in a pure state are usually good:
(a) insulators
(b) conductors
(c) tuned circuits
(d) inductors
A-002-001-010
Substances such as silicon in a pure state are usually good:
(a) insulators
A-002-001-011
A semiconductor is said to be doped when it has added to it small quantities of:
(a) impurities
(b) protons
(c) ions
(d) electrons
A-002-001-011
A semiconductor is said to be doped when it has added to it small quantities of:
(a) impurities
A-002-002-001
What is the principal characteristic of a Zener diode?
(a) A constant current under conditions of varying voltage
(b) A constant voltage under conditions of varying current
(c) A negative resistance region
(d) An internal capacitance that varies with the applied voltage
A-002-002-001
What is the principal characteristic of a Zener diode?
(b) A constant voltage under conditions of varying current
A-002-002-002
What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?
(a) Varactor
(b) Zener
(c) Silicon-controlled rectifier
(d) Hot-carrier (Schottky)
A-002-002-002
What type of semiconductor diode varies its internal capacitance as the voltage applied to its terminals varies?
(a) Varactor
A-002-002-003
What is a common use for the hot-carrier (Schottky) diode?
(a) As balanced mixers in FM generation
(b) As VHF and UHF mixers and detectors
(c) As a variable capacitance in an automatic frequency control (AFC) circuit
(d) As a constant voltage reference in a power supply
A-002-002-003
What is a common use for the hot-carrier (Schottky) diode?
(b) As VHF and UHF mixers and detectors
A-002-002-004
What limits the maximum forward current in a junction diode?
(a) Forward voltage
(b) Back EMF
(c) Peak inverse voltage
(d) Junction temperature
A-002-002-004
What limits the maximum forward current in a junction diode?
(d) Junction temperature
A-002-002-005
What are the major ratings for junction diodes?
(a) Maximum forward current and peak inverse voltage (PIV)
(b) Maximum reverse current and capacitance
(c) Maximum forward current and capacitance
(d) Maximum reverse current and peak inverse voltage (PIV)
A-002-002-005
What are the major ratings for junction diodes?
(a) Maximum forward current and peak inverse voltage (PIV)
A-002-002-006
Structurally, what are the two main categories of semiconductor diodes?
(a) Junction and point contact
(b) Vacuum and point contact
(c) Electrolytic and point contact
(d) Electrolytic and junction
A-002-002-006
Structurally, what are the two main categories of semiconductor diodes?
(a) Junction and point contact
A-002-002-007
What is a common use for point contact diodes?
(a) As a constant current source
(b) As an RF detector
(c) As a constant voltage source
(d) As a high voltage rectifier
A-002-002-007
What is a common use for point contact diodes?
(b) As an RF detector
A-002-002-008
What is one common use for PIN diodes?
(a) As a constant current source
(b) As a high voltage rectifier
(c) As an RF switch
(d) As a constant voltage source
A-002-002-008
What is one common use for PIN diodes?
(c) As an RF switch
A-002-002-009
A Zener diode is a device used to:
(a) dissipate voltage
(b) decrease current
(c) increase current
(d) regulate voltage
A-002-002-009
A Zener diode is a device used to:
(d) regulate voltage
A-002-002-010
If a Zener diode rated at 10 V and 50 watts was operated at maximum dissipation rating, it would conduct ____ amperes:
(a) 5
(b) 50
(c) 0.05
(d) 0.5
A-002-002-010
If a Zener diode rated at 10 V and 50 watts was operated at maximum dissipation rating, it would conduct ____ amperes:
(a) 5
A-002-002-011
The power-handling capability of most Zener diodes is rated at 25 degrees C or approximately room temperature. If the temperature is increased, the power handling capability is:
(a) the same
(b) much greater
(c) less
(d) slightly greater
A-002-002-011
The power-handling capability of most Zener diodes is rated at 25 degrees C or approximately room temperature. If the temperature is increased, the power handling capability is:
(c) less
A-002-003-001
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor?
(a) The change of collector current with respect to base current
(b) The change of base current with respect to collector current
(c) The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
(d) The change of collector current with respect to gate current
A-002-003-001
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor?
(c) The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
A-002-003-002
What is the beta of a bipolar transistor?
(a) The change of base current with respect to emitter current
(b) The change of collector current with respect to base current
(c) The change of collector current with respect to emitter current
(d) The change of base current with respect to gate current
A-002-003-002
What is the beta of a bipolar transistor?
(b) The change of collector current with respect to base current
A-002-003-003
Which component conducts electricity from a negative emitter to a positive collector when its base voltage is made positive?
(a) A varactor
(b) An NPN transistor
(c) A triode vacuum tube
(d) A PNP transistor
A-002-003-003
Which component conducts electricity from a negative emitter to a positive collector when its base voltage is made positive?
(b) An NPN transistor
A-002-003-004
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor in common base configuration?
(a) Forward voltage gain
(b) Reverse current gain
(c) Forward current gain
(d) Reverse voltage gain
A-002-003-004
What is the alpha of a bipolar transistor in common base configuration?
(c) Forward current gain
A-002-003-005
In a bipolar transistor, the change of collector current with respect to base current is called:
(a) gamma
(b) delta
(c) alpha
(d) beta
A-002-003-005
In a bipolar transistor, the change of collector current with respect to base current is called:
(d) beta
A-002-003-006
The alpha of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configuration?
(a) Common collector
(b) Common gate
(c) Common emitter
(d) Common base
A-002-003-006
The alpha of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configuration?
(d) Common base
A-002-003-007
The beta of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configurations?
(a) Common emitter or common gate
(b) Common base or common collector
(c) Common emitter or common collector
(d) Common base or common emitter
A-002-003-007
The beta of a bipolar transistor is specified for what configurations?
(c) Common emitter or common collector
A-002-003-008
Which component conducts electricity from a positive emitter to a negative collector when its base is made negative?
(a) A triode vacuum tube
(b) A PNP transistor
(c) A varactor
(d) An NPN transistor
A-002-003-008
Which component conducts electricity from a positive emitter to a negative collector when its base is made negative?
(b) A PNP transistor
A-002-003-009
Alpha of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(a) beta x (1 + beta)
(b) beta x (1 - beta)
(c) beta / (1 + beta)
(d) beta / (1 - beta)
A-002-003-009
Alpha of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(c) beta / (1 + beta)
A-002-003-010
The current gain of a bipolar transistor in common emitter or common collector compared to common base configuration is:
(a) very low
(b) high to very high
(c) usually about double
(d) usually about half
A-002-003-010
The current gain of a bipolar transistor in common emitter or common collector compared to common base configuration is:
(b) high to very high
A-002-003-011
Beta of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(a) alpha / (1 + alpha)
(b) alpha x (1 - alpha)
(c) alpha / (1 - alpha)
(d) alpha x (1 + alpha)
A-002-003-011
Beta of a bipolar transistor is equal to:
(c) alpha / (1 - alpha)
A-002-004-001
What is an enhancement-mode FET?
(a) An FET with a channel that blocks voltage through the gate
(b) An FET with a channel that allows current when the gate voltage is zero
(c) An FET without a channel no current occurs with zero gate voltage
(d) An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate
A-002-004-001
What is an enhancement-mode FET?
(c) An FET without a channel no current occurs with zero gate voltage
A-002-004-002
What is a depletion-mode FET?
(a) An FET without a channel no current flows with zero gate voltage
(b) An FET without a channel to hinder current through the gate
(c) An FET that has a channel that blocks current when the gate voltage is zero
(d) An FET that has a channel with no gate voltage applied a current flows with zero gate voltage
A-002-004-002
What is a depletion-mode FET?
(d) An FET that has a channel with no gate voltage applied a current flows with zero gate voltage
A-002-004-003
Why do many MOSFET devices have built-in gate protective Zener diodes?
(a) The gate-protective Zener diode keeps the gate voltage within specifications to prevent the device from overheating
(b) The gate-protective Zener diode protects the substrate from excessive voltages
(c) The gate-protective Zener diode provides a voltage reference to provide the correct amount of reverse-bias gate voltage
(d) The gate-protective Zener diode prevents the gate insulation from being punctured by small static charges or excessive voltages
A-002-004-003
Why do many MOSFET devices have built-in gate protective Zener diodes?
(d) The gate-protective Zener diode prevents the gate insulation from being punctured by small static charges or excessive voltages
A-002-004-004
Why are special precautions necessary in handling FET and CMOS devices?
(a) They are light-sensitive
(b) They have micro-welded semiconductor junctions that are susceptible to breakage
(c) They have fragile leads that may break off
(d) They are susceptible to damage from static charges
A-002-004-004
Why are special precautions necessary in handling FET and CMOS devices?
(d) They are susceptible to damage from static charges
A-002-004-005
How does the input impedance of a field-effect transistor (FET) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?
(a) One cannot compare input impedance without knowing supply voltage
(b) An FET has high input impedance a bipolar transistor has low input impedance
(c) An FET has low input impedance a bipolar transistor has high input impedance
(d) The input impedance of FETs and bipolar transistors is the same
A-002-004-005
How does the input impedance of a field-effect transistor (FET) compare with that of a bipolar transistor?
(b) An FET has high input impedance a bipolar transistor has low input impedance
A-002-004-006
What are the three terminals of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET)?
(a) Emitter, base 1, base 2
(b) Gate, drain, source
(c) Emitter, base, collector
(d) Gate 1, gate 2, drain
A-002-004-006
What are the three terminals of a junction field-effect transistor (JFET)?
(b) Gate, drain, source
A-002-004-007
What are the two basic types of junction field-effect transistors (JFET)?
(a) High power and low power
(b) N-channel and P-channel
(c) MOSFET and GaAsFET
(d) Silicon and germanium
A-002-004-007
What are the two basic types of junction field-effect transistors (JFET)?
(b) N-channel and P-channel
A-002-004-008
Electron conduction in an n-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel depletion
(b) p-channel enhancement
(c) n-channel depletion
(d) q-channel enhancement
A-002-004-008
Electron conduction in an n-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(c) n-channel depletion
A-002-004-009
Electron conduction in an n-channel enhancement MOSFET is associated with:
(a) q-channel depletion
(b) p-channel enhancement
(c) n-channel enhancement
(d) p-channel depletion
A-002-004-009
Electron conduction in an n-channel enhancement MOSFET is associated with:
(c) n-channel enhancement
A-002-004-010
Hole conduction in a p-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel depletion
(b) n-channel enhancement
(c) q-channel depletion
(d) n-channel depletion
A-002-004-010
Hole conduction in a p-channel depletion type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel depletion
A-002-004-011
Hole conduction in a p-channel enhancement type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel enhancement
(b) n-channel depletion
(c) n-channel enhancement
(d) q-channel depletion
A-002-004-011
Hole conduction in a p-channel enhancement type MOSFET is associated with:
(a) p-channel enhancement
A-002-005-001
What are the three terminals of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Gate, base 1 and base 2
(b) Base, collector and emitter
(c) Gate, source and sink
(d) Anode, cathode and gate
A-002-005-001
What are the three terminals of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(d) Anode, cathode and gate
A-002-005-002
What are the two stable operating conditions of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Conducting and non-conducting
(b) Forward conducting and reverse conducting
(c) NPN conduction and PNP conduction
(d) Oscillating and quiescent
A-002-005-002
What are the two stable operating conditions of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Conducting and non-conducting
A-002-005-003
When a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is triggered, to what other semiconductor diode are its electrical characteristics similar (as measured between its cathode and anode)?
(a) The PIN diode
(b) The hot-carrier (Schottky) diode
(c) The junction diode
(d) The varactor diode
A-002-005-003
When a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is triggered, to what other semiconductor diode are its electrical characteristics similar (as measured between its cathode and anode)?
(c) The junction diode
A-002-005-004
Under what operating condition does a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibit electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon rectifier?
(a) When it is gated “off
(b) When it is used as a detector
(c) During a switching transition
(d) When it is gated “on
A-002-005-004
Under what operating condition does a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibit electrical characteristics similar to a forward-biased silicon rectifier?
(d) When it is gated “on
A-002-005-005
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is what type of device?
(a) NPPN
(b) PNNP
(c) PPNN
(d) PNPN
A-002-005-005
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is what type of device?
(d) PNPN
A-002-005-006
The control element in the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is called the:
(a) gate
(b) anode
(c) cathode
(d) emitter
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The control element in the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is called the:
(a) gate
A-002-005-007
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a member of which family?
(a) Thyristors
(b) Phase locked loops
(c) Varactors
(d) Varistors
A-002-005-007
The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is a member of which family?
(a) Thyristors
A-002-005-008
In amateur radio equipment, which is the major application for the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Power supply overvoltage “crowbar” circuit
(b) Class C amplifier circuit
(c) Microphone preamplifier circuit
(d) SWR detector circuit
A-002-005-008
In amateur radio equipment, which is the major application for the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)?
(a) Power supply overvoltage “crowbar” circuit
A-002-005-009
Which of the following devices has anode, cathode, and gate?
(a) The bipolar transistor
(b) The field effect transistor
(c) The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
(d) The triode vacuum tube
A-002-005-009
Which of the following devices has anode, cathode, and gate?
(c) The silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
A-002-005-010
When it is gated “on”, the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibits electrical characteristics similar to a:
(a) reverse-biased silicon rectifier
(b) forward-biased PIN diode
(c) reverse-biased hot-carrier (Schottky) diode
(d) forward-biased silicon rectifier
A-002-005-010
When it is gated “on”, the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) exhibits electrical characteristics similar to a:
(d) forward-biased silicon rectifier
A-002-005-011
Which of the following is a PNPN device?
(a) PIN diode
(b) Hot carrier (Schottky) diode
(c) Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
(d) Zener diode
A-002-005-011
Which of the following is a PNPN device?
(c) Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)
A-002-006-001
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class A amplifier operate?
(a) The entire cycle
(b) Exactly 180 degrees
(c) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(d) Less than 180 degrees
A-002-006-001
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class A amplifier operate?
(a) The entire cycle
A-002-006-002 Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and least distortion?
(a) Class A
(b) Class AB
(c) Class B
(d) Class C
A-002-006-002 Which class of amplifier has the highest linearity and least distortion?
(a) Class A
A-002-006-003
For what portion of a cycle does a Class AB amplifier operate?
(a) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(b) Exactly 180 degrees
(c) The entire cycle
(d) Less than 180 degrees
A-002-006-003
For what portion of a cycle does a Class AB amplifier operate?
(a) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
A-002-006-004
For what portion of a cycle does a Class B amplifier operate?
(a) 180 degrees
(b) Less than 180 degrees
(c) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(d) The entire cycle
A-002-006-004
For what portion of a cycle does a Class B amplifier operate?
(a) 180 degrees
A-002-006-005
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class C amplifier operate?
(a) More than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
(b) The entire cycle
(c) 180 degrees
(d) Less than 180 degrees
A-002-006-005
For what portion of a signal cycle does a Class C amplifier operate?
(d) Less than 180 degrees
A-002-006-006
Which of the following classes of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?
(a) Class C
(b) Class A
(c) Class AB
(d) Class B
A-002-006-006
Which of the following classes of amplifier provides the highest efficiency?
(a) Class C
A-002-006-007
Which of the following classes of amplifier would provide the highest efficiency in the output stage of a CW, RTTY or FM transmitter?
(a) Class C
(b) Class AB
(c) Class B
(d) Class A
A-002-006-007
Which of the following classes of amplifier would provide the highest efficiency in the output stage of a CW, RTTY or FM transmitter?
(a) Class C
A-002-006-008 Which class of amplifier provides the least efficiency?
(a) Class C
(b) Class B
(c) Class AB
(d) Class A
A-002-006-008 Which class of amplifier provides the least efficiency?
(d) Class A
A-002-006-009 Which class of amplifier has the poorest linearity and the most distortion?
(a) Class C
(b) Class AB
(c) Class A
(d) Class B
A-002-006-009 Which class of amplifier has the poorest linearity and the most distortion?
(a) Class C
A-002-006-010 Which class of amplifier operates over the full cycle?
(a) Class AB
(b) Class A
(c) Class B
(d) Class C
A-002-006-010 Which class of amplifier operates over the full cycle?
(b) Class A
A-002-006-011 Which class of amplifier operates over less than 180 degrees of the cycle?
(a) Class AB
(b) Class A
(c) Class B
(d) Class C
A-002-006-011 Which class of amplifier operates over less than 180 degrees of the cycle?
(d) Class C
A-002-007-001
What determines the input impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(a) The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and substrate
(b) The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the source and the drain
(c) The input impedance is essentially determined by the gate biasing network
(d) The input impedance is essentially determined by the resistance between the drain and substrate
A-002-007-001
What determines the input impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(c) The input impedance is essentially determined by the gate biasing network
A-002-007-002
What determines the output impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(a) The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain supply voltage
(b) The output impedance is essentially determined by the gate supply voltage
(c) The output impedance is essentially determined by the input impedance of the FET
(d) The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain resistor
A-002-007-002
What determines the output impedance of a FET common-source amplifier?
(d) The output impedance is essentially determined by the drain resistor
A-002-007-003
What are the advantages of a Darlington pair audio amplifier?
(a) Mutual gain, high stability and low mutual inductance
(b) Mutual gain, low input impedance and low output impedance
(c) High gain, high input impedance and low output impedance
(d) Low output impedance, high mutual impedance and low output current
A-002-007-003
What are the advantages of a Darlington pair audio amplifier?
(c) High gain, high input impedance and low output impedance
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In the common base amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are in phase
(b) the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
(c) the output signals leads the input signal by 90 degrees
(d) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
A-002-007-004
In the common base amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are in phase
A-002-007-005
In the common base amplifier, the input impedance, when compared to the output impedance is:
(a) only slightly higher
(b) very low
(c) only slightly lower
(d) very high
A-002-007-005
In the common base amplifier, the input impedance, when compared to the output impedance is:
(b) very low
A-002-007-006
In the common emitter amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
(b) the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees
(c) the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
(d) the signals are in phase
A-002-007-006
In the common emitter amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
A-002-007-007
In the common collector amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(a) the output signal leads the input signal by 90 degrees
(b) the signals are in phase
(c) the output signal lags the input signal by 90 degrees
(d) the signals are 180 degrees out of phase
A-002-007-007
In the common collector amplifier, when the input and output signals are compared:
(b) the signals are in phase
A-002-007-008
The FET amplifier source follower circuit is another name for:
(a) common drain circuit
(b) common source circuit
(c) common mode circuit
(d) common gate circuit
A-002-007-008
The FET amplifier source follower circuit is another name for:
(a) common drain circuit
A-002-007-009
The FET amplifier common source circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common emitter
(b) Common collector
(c) Common base
(d) Common mode
A-002-007-009
The FET amplifier common source circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common emitter
A-002-007-010
The FET amplifier common drain circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common collector
(b) Common emitter
(c) Common base
(d) Common mode
A-002-007-010
The FET amplifier common drain circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common collector
A-002-007-011
The FET amplifier common gate circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(a) Common mode
(b) Common base
(c) Common collector
(d) Common emitter
A-002-007-011
The FET amplifier common gate circuit is similar to which of the following bipolar transistor amplifier circuits?
(b) Common base
A-002-008-001
What is an operational amplifier (op-amp)?
(a) A high-gain, direct-coupled audio amplifier whose characteristics are determined by internal components of the device
(b) A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally
(c) An amplifier used to increase the average output of frequency modulated amateur signals to the legal limit
(d) A program subroutine that calculates the gain of an RF amplifier
A-002-008-001
What is an operational amplifier (op-amp)?
(b) A high-gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally
A-002-008-002
What would be the characteristics of the ideal op-amp?
(a) Zero input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
(b) Infinite input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain and flat frequency response
(c) Zero input impedance, infinite output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
(d) Infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
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What would be the characteristics of the ideal op-amp?
(d) Infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain, and flat frequency response
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What determines the gain of a closed-loop op-amp circuit?
(a) The PNP collector load
(b) The voltage applied to the circuit
(c) The collector-to-base capacitance of the PNP stage
(d) The external feedback network
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What determines the gain of a closed-loop op-amp circuit?
(d) The external feedback network
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What is meant by the term op-amp offset voltage?
(a) The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition
(b) The difference between the output voltage of the op-amp and the input voltage required for the next stage
(c) The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in an open-loop condition
(d) The output voltage of the op-amp minus its input voltage
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What is meant by the term op-amp offset voltage?
(a) The potential between the amplifier input terminals of the op-amp in a closed-loop condition
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What is the input impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(a) Very low
(b) Very high
(c) Exactly 100 ohms
(d) Exactly 1000 ohms
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What is the input impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(b) Very high
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What is the output impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(a) Very high
(b) Exactly 100 ohms
(c) Very low
(d) Exactly 1000 ohms
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What is the output impedance of a theoretically ideal op-amp?
(c) Very low
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What are the advantages of using an op-amp instead of LC elements in an audio filter?
(a) Op-amps are more rugged and can withstand more abuse than can LC elements
(b) Op-amps are available in more styles and types than are LC elements
(c) Op-amps are fixed at one frequency
(d) Op-amps exhibit gain rather than insertion loss
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What are the advantages of using an op-amp instead of LC elements in an audio filter?
(d) Op-amps exhibit gain rather than insertion loss
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What are the principal uses of an op-amp RC active filter in amateur circuitry?
(a) Op-amp circuits are used as low-pass filters at the output of transmitters
(b) Op-amp circuits are used as audio filters for receivers
(c) Op-amp circuits are used as filters for smoothing power supply output
(d) Op-amp circuits are used as high-pass filters to block RFI at the input of receivers
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What are the principal uses of an op-amp RC active filter in amateur circuitry?
(b) Op-amp circuits are used as audio filters for receivers
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What is an inverting op-amp circuit?
(a) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
(b) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase
(c) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held to zero, while the output impedance is high
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase
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What is an inverting op-amp circuit?
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase
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What is a non-inverting op-amp circuit?
(a) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 90 degrees out of phase
(b) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input impedance is held low, and the output impedance is high
(c) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are 180 degrees out of phase
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
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What is a non-inverting op-amp circuit?
(d) An operational amplifier circuit connected such that the input and output signals are in phase
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What term is most appropriate for a high gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally?
(a) Difference amplifier
(b) High gain audio amplifier
(c) Summing amplifier
(d) Operational amplifier
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What term is most appropriate for a high gain, direct-coupled differential amplifier whose characteristics are determined by components mounted externally?
(d) Operational amplifier
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What is the mixing process?
(a) The combination of two signals to produce sum and difference frequencies
(b) The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase differentiation
(c) The recovery of intelligence from a modulated signal
(d) The elimination of noise in a wideband receiver by phase comparison
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What is the mixing process?
(a) The combination of two signals to produce sum and difference frequencies
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What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer circuit?
(a) 1.414 and 0.707 times the input frequencies
(b) The sum, difference and square root of the input frequencies
(c) The original frequencies and the sum and difference frequencies
(d) Two and four times the original frequency
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What are the principal frequencies that appear at the output of a mixer circuit?
(c) The original frequencies and the sum and difference frequencies
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What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?
(a) Spurious signals are generated
(b) Automatic limiting occurs
(c) A beat frequency is generated
(d) Mixer blanking occurs
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What occurs when an excessive amount of signal energy reaches the mixer circuit?
(a) Spurious signals are generated
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, the input signal is coupled to the base of a transistor through a capacitor. A radio frequency choke is connected between the base of the transistor and ground. The capacitor is:
(a) part of the input tuned circuit
(b) a DC blocking capacitor
(c) a by-pass for the circuit
(d) part of the output tank circuit
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, the input signal is coupled to the base of a transistor through a capacitor. A radio frequency choke is connected between the base of the transistor and ground. The capacitor is:
(b) a DC blocking capacitor
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A frequency multiplier circuit must be operated in:
(a) class AB
(b) class C
(c) class B
(d) class A
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A frequency multiplier circuit must be operated in:
(b) class C
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. The purpose of the variable capacitor is to:
(a) by-pass RF
(b) tune L1 to the desired harmonic
(c) tune L1 to the frequency applied to the base
(d) provide positive feedback
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. The purpose of the variable capacitor is to:
(b) tune L1 to the desired harmonic
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. The purpose of C3 is to:
(a) provide an RF ground at the VCC connection point of L1
(b) form a pi filter with L1 and C2
(c) resonate with L1
(d) by-pass any audio components
A-002-009-007
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. The purpose of C3 is to:
(a) provide an RF ground at the VCC connection point of L1
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. C2 in conjunction with L1 operate as a:
(a) frequency divider
(b) frequency multiplier
(c) voltage divider
(d) voltage doubler
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. C2 in conjunction with L1 operate as a:
(b) frequency multiplier
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In a circuit where the components are tuned to resonate at a higher frequency than applied, the circuit is most likely a:
(a) a VHF/UHF amplifier
(b) a linear amplifier
(c) a frequency multiplier
(d) a frequency divider
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In a circuit where the components are tuned to resonate at a higher frequency than applied, the circuit is most likely a:
(c) a frequency multiplier
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In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. C3 is a:
(a) DC blocking capacitor
(b) tuning capacitor
(c) coupling capacitor
(d) RF by-pass capacitor
A-002-009-010
In a frequency multiplier circuit, an inductance (L1) and a variable capacitor (C2) are connected in series between VCC+ and ground. The collector of a transistor is connected to a tap on L1. A fixed capacitor (C3) is connected between the VCC+ side of L1 and ground. C3 is a:
(d) RF by-pass capacitor
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What stage in a transmitter would change a 5.3-MHz input signal to 14.3 MHz?
(a) A linear translator
(b) A mixer
(c) A frequency multiplier
(d) A beat frequency oscillator
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What stage in a transmitter would change a 5.3-MHz input signal to 14.3 MHz?
(b) A mixer
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What is a NAND gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output only when all inputs are logic “1
(b) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output only when all inputs are logic “1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic “1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output only when all inputs are logic “0
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What is a NAND gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output only when all inputs are logic “1
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What is an OR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output if all inputs are logic “1
(b) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output if any input is logic “1
(c) A circuit that produces logic “1” at its output if all inputs are logic “0
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output if any input is logic “1
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What is an OR gate?
(b) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output if any input is logic “1
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What is a NOR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output only if all inputs are logic “0
(b) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output only if all inputs are logic “1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output if some but not all of its inputs are logic “1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output if any or all inputs are logic “1
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What is a NOR gate?
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output if any or all inputs are logic “1
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What is a NOT gate (also known as an INVERTER)?
(a) A circuit that does not allow data transmission when its input is high
(b) A circuit that allows data transmission only when its input is high
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output when the input is logic “1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when the input is logic “1
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What is a NOT gate (also known as an INVERTER)?
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output when the input is logic “1
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What is an EXCLUSIVE OR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output when only one of the inputs is logic “1
(b) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when all of the inputs are logic “1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when all of the inputs are logic “0
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when only one of the inputs is logic “1
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What is an EXCLUSIVE OR gate?
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when only one of the inputs is logic “1
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What is an EXCLUSIVE NOR gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when only one of the inputs is logic “0
(b) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when only one of the inputs are logic “1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when all of the inputs are logic “1
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “0” at its output when all of the inputs are logic “1
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What is an EXCLUSIVE NOR gate?
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output when all of the inputs are logic “1
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What is an AND gate?
(a) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at the output if at least one input is a logic “0
(b) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output only if one of its inputs is logic “1
(c) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output if all inputs are logic “0
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output only if all its inputs are logic “1
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What is an AND gate?
(d) A circuit that produces a logic “1” at its output only if all its inputs are logic “1
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What is a flip-flop circuit?
(a) A binary sequential logic element with two stable states
(b) A binary sequential logic element with eight stable states
(c) A binary sequential logic element with four stable states
(d) A binary sequential logic element with one stable state
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What is a flip-flop circuit?
(a) A binary sequential logic element with two stable states
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What is a bistable multivibrator?
(a) An OR gate
(b) A flip-flop
(c) An AND gate
(d) A clock
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What is a bistable multivibrator?
(b) A flip-flop
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What type of digital logic is also known as a latch?
(a) A decade counter
(b) A flip-flop
(c) An OR gate
(d) An op-amp
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What type of digital logic is also known as a latch?
(b) A flip-flop
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In a multivibrator circuit, when one transistor conducts, the other is:
(a) saturated
(b) reverse-biased
(c) cut off
(d) forward-biased
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In a multivibrator circuit, when one transistor conducts, the other is:
(c) cut off
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What is a crystal lattice filter?
(a) A filter with wide bandwidth and shallow skirts made using quartz crystals
(b) An audio filter made with four quartz crystals that resonate at 1 kHz intervals
(c) A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals
(d) A power supply filter made with interlaced quartz crystals
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What is a crystal lattice filter?
(c) A filter with narrow bandwidth and steep skirts made using quartz crystals
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What factor determines the bandwidth and response shape of a crystal lattice filter?
(a) The relative frequencies of the individual crystals
(b) The centre frequency chosen for the filter
(c) The gain of the RF stage following the filter
(d) The amplitude of the signals passing through the filter
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What factor determines the bandwidth and response shape of a crystal lattice filter?
(a) The relative frequencies of the individual crystals
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For single-sideband phone emissions, what would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice filter?
(a) 15 kHz
(b) 500 Hz
(c) 6 kHz
(d) 2.4 kHz
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For single-sideband phone emissions, what would be the bandwidth of a good crystal lattice filter?
(d) 2.4 kHz
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The main advantage of a crystal oscillator over a tuned LC oscillator is:
(a) longer life under severe operating use
(b) freedom from harmonic emissions
(c) much greater frequency stability
(d) simplicity
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The main advantage of a crystal oscillator over a tuned LC oscillator is:
(c) much greater frequency stability
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A quartz crystal filter is superior to an LC filter for narrow bandpass applications because of the:
(a) crystal’s low Q
(b) LC circuit’s high Q
(c) crystal’s high Q
(d) crystal’s simplicity
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A quartz crystal filter is superior to an LC filter for narrow bandpass applications because of the:
(c) crystal’s high Q
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Piezoelectricity is generated by:
(a) deforming certain crystals
(b) touching crystals with magnets
(c) adding impurities to a crystal
(d) moving a magnet near a crystal
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Piezoelectricity is generated by:
(a) deforming certain crystals
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Electrically, what does a crystal look like?
(a) A very high Q tuned circuit
(b) A very low Q tuned circuit
(c) A variable capacitance
(d) A variable tuned circuit
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Electrically, what does a crystal look like?
(a) A very high Q tuned circuit
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Crystals are sometimes used in a circuit which has an output close to an integral multiple of the crystal frequency. This circuit is called:
(a) a crystal multiplier
(b) a crystal lattice
(c) an overtone oscillator
(d) a crystal ladder
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Crystals are sometimes used in a circuit which has an output close to an integral multiple of the crystal frequency. This circuit is called:
(c) an overtone oscillator
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Which of the following properties does not apply to a crystal when used in an oscillator circuit?
(a) Good frequency stability
(b) Very low noise because of high Q
(c) High power output
(d) Good frequency accuracy
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Which of the following properties does not apply to a crystal when used in an oscillator circuit?
(c) High power output
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Crystal oscillators, filters and microphones depend upon which principle?
(a) Hertzberg effect
(b) Ferro-resonance
(c) Overtone effect
(d) Piezoelectric effect
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Crystal oscillators, filters and microphones depend upon which principle?
(d) Piezoelectric effect
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Crystals are not applicable to which of the following?
(a) Microphones
(b) Active filters
(c) Lattice filters
(d) Oscillators
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Crystals are not applicable to which of the following?
(b) Active filters
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What are the three general groupings of filters?
(a) High-pass, low-pass and band-pass
(b) Hartley, Colpitts and Pierce
(c) Audio, radio and capacitive
(d) Inductive, capacitive and resistive
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What are the three general groupings of filters?
(a) High-pass, low-pass and band-pass
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What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth filter?
(a) It has a maximally flat response over its pass-band
(b) The product of its series and shunt-element impedances is a constant for all frequencies
(c) It only requires conductors
(d) It only requires capacitors
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What are the distinguishing features of a Butterworth filter?
(a) It has a maximally flat response over its pass-band
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Which filter type is described as having ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?
(a) An active LC filter
(b) A passive op-amp filter
(c) A Butterworth filter
(d) A Chebyshev filter
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Which filter type is described as having ripple in the passband and a sharp cutoff?
(d) A Chebyshev filter
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What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev filter?
(a) It requires only inductors
(b) It requires only capacitors
(c) It has a maximally flat response in the passband
(d) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
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What are the distinguishing features of a Chebyshev filter?
(d) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
A-002-012-005
Resonant cavities are used by amateurs as a:
(a) narrow bandpass filter at VHF and higher frequencies
(b) power line filter
(c) low-pass filter below 30 MHz
(d) high-pass filter above 30 MHz
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Resonant cavities are used by amateurs as a:
(a) narrow bandpass filter at VHF and higher frequencies
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On VHF and above, 1/4 wavelength coaxial cavities are used to give protection from high-level signals. For a frequency of approximately 50 MHz, the diameter of such a device would be about 10 cm (4 in). What would be its approximate length?
(a) 1.5 metres (5 ft)
(b) 0.6 metres (2 ft)
(c) 2.4 metres (8 ft)
(d) 3.7 metres (12 ft)
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On VHF and above, 1/4 wavelength coaxial cavities are used to give protection from high-level signals. For a frequency of approximately 50 MHz, the diameter of such a device would be about 10 cm (4 in). What would be its approximate length?
(a) 1.5 metres (5 ft)
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A device which helps with receiver overload and spurious responses at VHF, UHF and above may be installed in the receiver front end. It is called a:
(a) diplexer
(b) directional coupler
(c) duplexer
(d) helical resonator
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A device which helps with receiver overload and spurious responses at VHF, UHF and above may be installed in the receiver front end. It is called a:
(d) helical resonator
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Where you require bandwidth at VHF and higher frequencies about equal to a television channel, a good choice of filter is the:
(a) resonant cavity
(b) Butterworth
(c) none of the other answers
(d) Chebyshev
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Where you require bandwidth at VHF and higher frequencies about equal to a television channel, a good choice of filter is the:
(c) none of the other answers
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What is the primary advantage of the Butterworth filter over the Chebyshev filter?
(a) It has maximally flat response over its passband
(b) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
(c) It requires only inductors
(d) It requires only capacitors
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What is the primary advantage of the Butterworth filter over the Chebyshev filter?
(a) It has maximally flat response over its passband
A-002-012-010
What is the primary advantage of the Chebyshev filter over the Butterworth filter?
(a) It requires only capacitors
(b) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
(c) It requires only inductors
(d) It has maximally flat response over the passband
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What is the primary advantage of the Chebyshev filter over the Butterworth filter?
(b) It allows ripple in the passband in return for steeper skirts
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Which of the following filter types is not suitable for use at audio and low radio frequencies?
(a) Cavity
(b) Elliptical
(c) Chebyshev
(d) Butterworth
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Which of the following filter types is not suitable for use at audio and low radio frequencies?
(a) Cavity
