0. Introduction

Question 1

Earlier attempts to classify organisms were instinctively not using scientific criteria but borne out of our need/uses – for food, shelter, security, transport and clothing.
T/F

Answer 1

True

Question 2

______ was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classifying organisms.

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Aristotle used simple or gross morphological characteristics to classify.
T/F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Aristotle classified:
a. Plants into -
b. Animals into -

Answer 4

a. Trees, shrubs & herbs
b. Enaima [Red blood present] & Anaima [Red blood absent]

Question 5

Two Kingdom Classification given by ____.
He divided organisms into ____, based on the presence and absence of ____.

Answer 5

Carolus Linnaeus

Into Kingdom Plantae & Kingdom Animalia

Based on the presence & absence of Cell wall.

Question 6

Linnaeus included bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and the angiosperms under ‘Plantae’ based on the presence of the Cell Wall but they widely differ in other characteristics.
T/F

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Linnaeus didn’t distinguish between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes. How?

Answer 7

Prokaryotes: Bacteria & Cyanobacteria

were placed in Plantae (which is Eukaryotic)

Question 8

Linnaeus didn’t distinguish between Unicellular and Multicellular organisms. How?

Answer 8

Unicellular: Chlamydomonas
& Multicellular: Spirogyra

were placed together under algae

Question 9

Linnaeus didn’t distinguish between Photosynthetic and Non-photosynthetic. How?

Answer 9

Fungi are heterotrophs and were placed with Autotrophic Plants.

Question 10

a. Fungi cell wall is made up of:
b. Green plants’ cell wall is made up of:

Answer 10

a. Fungi: Chitinous
b. Plants: Cellulosic

Question 11

Two kingdoms of classification used for a long time were found inadequate because a large number of organisms
did not fall into either category.
T/F

Answer 11

True

Question 12

____ Kingdom is added to the 3-Kingdom classification given by ____.

Answer 12

Protista: Haekal

Question 13

____ Kingdom is added to the 4-Kingdom classification given by ____.

Answer 13

Copeland; Monera

Question 14

5-Kingdom Classification was proposed by ______ in ___ year.

Answer 14

R.H. Whittaker (1969)

Question 15

In Whittaker’s Classification, 5 Kingdoms are:

Answer 15

I. Monera
II. Protista
III. Fungi
IV. Plantae
v. Animalia

Question 16

The main criteria for 5-Kingdom Classification include -

Answer 16

I. Mode of nutrition
II. Cell type/structure
III. Phylogenetic relationships
IV. Body organization
V. Reproduction

Question 17

Cell structure/type in:
a. Monera
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. Animalia

Answer 17

a. Monera - Prokaryotic
b. Protista - Eukaryotic
c. Fungi - Eukaryotic
d. Plantae - Eukaryotic
e. Animalia - Eukaryotic

Question 18

Cell Wall in:
a. Monera
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. Animalia

Answer 18

a. Monera: Non-Cellulosic = Polysaccharide + Amino acid
b. Protista: Present in some
c. Fungi: Present (Chitin)
d. Plantae: Present (Cellulose)
e. Animalia: Absent

Question 19

Nuclear membrane in:
a. Monera
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. Animalia

Answer 19

a. Monera: Absent
b. Protista: Present
c. Fungi: Present
d. Plantae: Present
e. Animalia: Present

Question 20

Body Organisation in:
a. Monera
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. Animalia

Answer 20

a. Monera: Cellular
b. Protista: Cellular
c. Fungi: Multicellular/loose tissue
d. Plantae: Tissue/organ
e. Animalia: Tissue/organ/organ system

Question 21

Mode of Nutrition in:
a. Monera
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. Animalia

Answer 21

a. Monera:
Some are Autotrophic (Chemosynthetic and Photosynthetic)
&
Most are Heterotrophic (Saprophytic/Parasitic)

b. Protista: Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic

c. Fungi: Heterotrophic (Saprophytic/Parasitic)

d. Plantae: Autotrophic (Photosynthetic)

e. Animalia: Heterotrophic (Holozoic/Saprophytic, etc.)

Question 22

Unicellular eukaryotic organisms were placed in Kingdom ____.

Answer 22

Kingdom Protista

Question 23

Kingdom Protista has brought together:

a. ____ & ____ which were earlier placed in Algae within Plantae and both have cell walls.
b. ____ & ____ which were earlier placed in Animalia which lack a cell wall

Answer 23

a. Chlamydomonas, Chlorella
b. Paramoecium and Amoeba

Question 24

Over time, attempts made to evolve a classification that reflects not only the morphological, physiological and reproductive similarities but is also phylogenetic, i.e., is based on evolutionary relationships.
T/F

Answer 24

True

Question 25

6-Kingdom Classification or 3-Domain system of Life was proposed by ______.

Answer 25

Carl Woese

Question 26

Three domains are as follows:

Answer 26

1. Domain Archaea (Kingdom Archaebacteria)
2. Domain Eubacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria)
3. Eukarya (4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms- Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Question 27

3 domains system divides the kingdom monera into two domains based on ____.

Answer 27

16srRNA sequence

Question 28

Kingdom Animalia is bigger than the Eukarya Domain.
T/F

Answer 28

False,
Eukarya Domain > Kingdom Animalia