. Flashcards
In parallel
travels in more than one path
In series
travels through one path
Conductors
a substance in which electrical charge carriers usually electrons, move easily from atom to atom with the application of voltage.
Insulators
a material in which the electron does not flow freely or the atom of the insulator have tightly bound electrons.
Shell
a part of an atom where electrons are found orbiting the nucleus.
Atomic Structure
consists of positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons revolving in orbits at varying distances from the nucleus. The constitution of the nucleus and the arrangement of the electrons differing with various chemical elements.
Radiation
described as energy or particles from a source that travel through space or other mediums.
Convection
the movement of heat because of the movement of warm matter.
Current electricity
continuous flow of electrons in a circuit
Static electricity
result of imbalance between negative and positive charges in an object.
Resistance
a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit
Voltage
pressure from an electrical circuit power source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop
Switch
a device used for making and breaking electric current through the circuit
Ohm’s Law
the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
Radioisotopes
radioactive isotopes of an element. atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons or excess energy in their protons
Law of Conservation
energy/mass can neither be created nor destroyed.
Independent variable
a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by other variables
Reactant
the substance that is initially present in a chemical reaction
Controlled variable
a variable that is kept the same during an experiment
Combustion
a chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light
Conduction
transmission through or by means of a conductor also the transfer of heat through matter
Dependent variable
the variable being tested and measure in an experiment
Product
species formed from chemical reactions
Electron Configuration
2,8,8
Carbon dating
all living things absorb carbon from the atmosphere and food sources around them. When the plant/animal dies they stop absorbing that carbon but the radioactive carbon they’ve accumulated continues to decay
Neutrons
neutral
Protons
positive
Electrons
negative
α
alpha particles
β
beta particles
γ
gamma rays
Chemical reaction signs
colour change, temperature change, volume change, formation of a solid, odour production, gas evolution, production of light, emission of heat
Metal + acid =
hydrogen + salt
Base + acid =
water + salt
Carbonate + acid =
carbon dioxide + water + salt
Endothermic reaction
absorbs heat and cools the surroundings
Exothermic reaction
releases heat causing temperature of immediate surroundings to rise
Magnesium + oxygen =
magnesium oxide
Conservation of mass during reactions
the mass of one element at the start = the mass of the same element at the end
V
I x R
R
V divided by I
I
V divided by R
Factors of energy through an electric circuit
Electrons move and energy is transferred from the battery to the components of the circuit. Most energy is transferred to the light globe (or other energy user) where it is transformed to heat and light or some other form of energy.
