Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Final: Term 1 > .... > Flashcards

.... Flashcards

1
Q

Species

A

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals of the same species that lives in the same area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Community

A

assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ecology

A

Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the organisms that live in a place together with their nonliving environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biome

A

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abiotic Factor

A

Physical or nonliving factor that shapes an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Autotroph

A

organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary Producer

A

First producer of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water to oxygen and carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; consumer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Consumer

A

Organisms that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carnivore

A

Organism that obtains energy by eating animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Herbivore

A

Organism that obtains energy by eating plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Scavenger

A

Animal that consumes the carcasses of other animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Omnivore

A

Organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parasitism

A

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Commensalism

A

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ecological succession

A

Series of gradual changed that occur in a community following a disturbance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary succession

A

Succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pioneer species

A

First species to populate an area during succession.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Secondary succession

A

Type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Autotroph

A

Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Photosynthesis
Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water to oxygen and carbohydrates.
26
Pigment
Light-absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the sun's energy.
27
Chlorophyll
Principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms.
28
Thylakoid
Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts.
29
Stroma
Fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside the thylakoids.
30
Light-Dependent Reactions
Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH.
31
Light-Independent Reactions
set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light energy from ATP and NAPTH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugar; Calvin cycle.
32
Vestigial structure
Structures that are inherited from ancestors but have lost much or all of their original function.
33
Embryology
Study of the developing embryo and how different species are similar.
34
Gene pool
All the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one time.
35
Allele frequency
Number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of alleles in that pool for the same gene.
36
Genetic variation
Differences that occur in the genome and results in an increased genetic diversity.
37
Directional selection
Form of natural selection in which individuals at one end of a distribution curve have a higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve.
38
Disruptive selection
Form of natural selection in which individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have a higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve.
39
Stabilizing selection
Form of natural selection in which individuals near the center of a distribution curve have a higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve.
40
Genetic drift
Random change in allele frequency caused by a series of chance occurrences that cause an allele to become more or less common in a population.
41
Bottleneck effect
A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population.
42
Founder effect
Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
43
Genetic equilibrium
Situation in which allele frequencies in a population remains the same.
44
Sexual selection
When individuals select mates based on heritable traits.
45
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
46
Speciation
Process in which new species are formed.
47
Reproductive isolation
Separation of a species or populations so that they no longer interbreed and evolve into two separate species
48
Geographic isolation (allopatric)
Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water, leading to the formation of two separate subspecies.
49
Temporal isolation
Form of reproductive isolation in which two or more populations of species reproduce at different times.
50
Evolution
Change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
51
Fossil
Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
52
Biodiversity
Total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere.
53
Artificial selection
Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring.
54
Hutton and Lyell
Two geologists who stated that earth has changed gradually over time and the changes we see today are the same changes that would have occurred previously and will continue to occur.
55
Lamarck
French scientist who stated that organisms can acquire characteristics and have an inborn drive to improve.
56
Malthus
Stated that human population will reach its peak in the 19th century and said that war, famine and disease will control population.
57
Over-reproduction
Process in which breeding pairs produce more offspring than replaces them.
58
Adaptation
Heritable characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment.
59
Fitness
How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
60
Natural selection
Process by which organisms that are more suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully.
61
Common ancestor
An organism that all organisms derive from.
62
Biogeography
Study of past and present distribution of organisms.
63
Homologous structure
Structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry.
64
Analogous structure
Body parts that share a common function, but not structure.
65
Photosystem
Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in the thylakoid of the chloroplast.
66
Electron transport chain
Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions.
67
ATP Synthase
Cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it generating ATP.
68
Biosphere
Part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere.
69
Electron transport chain
Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
70
ATP Synthase
Cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it generating ATP.
71
Calvin Cycle
Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar.
72
Epidermis
In plants, a single layer of cells that makes up dermal tissue.
73
Meristem
Regions of unspecialized cells responsible for continuing growth throughout a plant's lifetime.
74
Apical Meristem
Group of unspecialized cells that divide to produce increased length of stems and roots.
75
Root
Organ of the plan responsible for anchoring the plant s well as absorption of nutrients and water.
76
Stem
Organ of the plant that contains vascular tissue and transports materials around the plant.
77
Leaf
Organ of the plant primarily responsible for photosynthesis.
78
Xylem
Vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant.
79
Phloem
Vascular tissue that carrier nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis throughout the plant.
80
Epidermis
In plants, a single layer of cells that makes up dermal tissue.
81
Petiole
The thin stalk that connects the blade of the leaf to a stem.

Biology Final: Term 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions