????? Flashcards
idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate “civic virtue” in their children
republican motherhood
type of special assembly developed in mass for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law
constitutional convention
first constitutional government of the us
articles of confederation
territory north of Ohio and east of Mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1787
old northwest
in the territories six mile by six mile square areas of thirty six sections one of which was set aside for public schools
section
exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition
society of the Cincinnati
legislation passed by an alliance of Jefferson and the baptists that disestablished the Anglican Church
Virginia statute for religious freedom
document of 1781 that was put out of business by the constitution
articles of confederation
legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of western territories into states
northwest ordinance of 1787
North African leader who took advantage of the weakness of the articles of confederation to attack American shipping
dey of Algiers
father of constitution
James Madison
Virginia anti federalist leader who thought the constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality
Patrick Henry
frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the articles of confederation, one of three authors of fed papers
John jay
first of key states where federalist so won by a narrow margin over the opposition of anti federalist Sam Adams
mass
only state to allow a direct vote on the constitution
ny
Id: shays rebellion
1786
western mass
led by captain Daniel shays, veteran of revolution
farmers, many rev. war vets
losing their farms through mortgage foreclosures and ax delinquencies
rebellion demanding cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and suspension of property takeovers
mass authorities crushed them
many feared the disorder and anarchy and led people to want to strengthen/establish gov powers
leading to creation of articles of confederation
Id: federalist vs democratic republicans
why is it important
two main differing/opposing political opinions of the time
id: great compromise
states with small populations wanted every state to have equal amount of reps (nj)
states with large populations wanted number of reps to depend on population(va)
to decide how much representation states got in congress
senate- nj plan
each state gets two reps
house of reps.- va plan
number of reps depends on population size
id: 3/5 compromise
to decide how to count slaves in population size when considering number of reps
slave owning states wanted them to count as full ppl so they could get more reps in house
nonslave holding states wanted them to count as property bc they couldn’t vote
slave counts as 3/5 of a person
id: Hamilton
important federalist
helped write const. and fed. papers
first secretary of treasury
advocated nat. bank
rivaled Jefferson
wanted fed. gov. assumption of nat. debts
supported tariff system to protect businesses
financial wiz
wanted old bonds funded at par so system couldn’t be abused too much
loose construction of const. -if it doesn’t say it’s okay
id: tariffs
part of hamiltons economic plan
revenue tariffs to raise gov. revenue
protective tariffs on imports to protect domestic industries from foreign competition bc foreign products would be more expensive
made it more expensive for south where products weren’t being made and agriculture was primary focus
id: whiskey rebellion
farmers in western va
angered by excise tax on whiskey
eliminated profit for farmers
attacked excise agents
burned regional inspectors home
pres. wash. used Militia to crush insurrection
showed power of the fed. gov. to put down uprisings
id: alien and sedition acts
alien law
raised residency reqs for aliens from 5 yrs to 14
federalist created against democratic Jeffersonians, being pro France
as result of quasi-war
sedition act
can’t speak badly or falsely abt gov. and officials
violated first amendment w freedom of speech and press
id: Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Jeffersonians against alien and sedition acts
made point that hey violated const.- freedom of speech and press
nullified alien and sedition actsi
argued states have right to nullify unconstitutional federal laws
id: xyz affair
France didn’t like Jay’s treaty- thought it was step towards am. alliance w Britain and violation of Franco-am. treaty
began seizing am. merchant vessels
denied to receive am. envoy
Adams sent three envoys after to reach and agreement
wanted quarter million dollar bribe to talk to Talleyrand
w/o negotiations am. entered undeclared quasi-war w France
order of events
- the first American nat. gov. more of a league of states than a real gov. goes into effect
- debtor farmers fail in a rebellion setting off conservative fears and demands for a stronger control anarchy
- at the request of congress the states draft new consts. based on the authority of the ppl
- 55 “demigods” meet secretly in philly to draft a new charter of gov.
- the const. is ratified by the 9 states necessary to put it into effect
yeeee
official body designated to choose the pres.
electoral college
the const. office into which John Adams was sworn
Vice President
the cabinet office in wash’s administration headed by financial wiz
treasury
a. ham’s policy of financial obligations
funding at par
and
assumption
political and social upheaval supported by most Americans during its moderate beginnings in 1789 but the cause of bitter divisions after it took a radical turn in 1792
French Revolution
agreement signed between two anti rigid countries in 1778 that increasingly plagued American foreign pool icy in the 1790s
French-American alliance
alliance of 8 Indian nations led by little turtle that inflicted major defeats on American forces in the early 1790s
Miami confederation
document signed in 1794 whose terms favoring Britain outraged Jeffersonian republicans
Jay’s treaty
nation with which the us four an undeclared war from 1798 to 1800
France
political theory on which Jefferson and Madison based their anti federalist resolutions declaring that the 13 sovereign states had created the const.
compact theory
the doctrine, proclaimed in the va and ky resolutions, that a state can block a federal law it considers unconst.
nullification
nation to which most Hamiltonian federalist swerve sentimentally attached and which they favored in foreign policy
Britain
bill of rights in order
.freedom of religion press petition speech peaceful assembly .right to bear arms militia .no quartering w/o consent .search and seizure w warrant .plead the fifth .speedy trial .trial by impartial jury .no excessive or cruel punishment .retain all const. rights .non fed. powers go to states
new name for the Anglican Church after it was disestablished and deanglicized in Virginia and elsewhere
episcal church
federalists leaders federalism-where power should lie fears const. gov. involved in Econ. nat. bank protective tariff fed. assumption of state war debts support base foreign policy
a. ham, Adams, wash., John jay
fed. gov.
weak cent. gov., rebellions (economic) uncertainty
loose construction
strong involv.
yes
yes
yes
wealthy, educated, north, manuf. interests
Britain
republicans leaders federalism-where power should lie fears const. gov. involved in Econ. nat. bank protective tariff fed. assumption of state war debts support base foreign policy
Jefferson, Madison states aggressive, extensive fed. gov. strict construction non-involved no no no south, west, agricultural interests, less educated French
essay
.no fed. courts, only states handle enforce laws
..Separate federal court system, with power to
resolved disputes between the states.
….important bc enforces fed. laws and ensures states enforce laws equally?
.congress has no power over interstate or foreign commerce
..Congress has power to “lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises.”
….important bc states can’t tax the shit out of other states
.congress is one body, each state has one vote
..congress is house of reps w votes by population and senate w two votes per state
….important bc balances power of states w different populations
.amendments must be approved by all states
..3/4 of states
….important bc shit can actually get done
